Fatty Acids

Question 1

What are the two Essential Fatty Acids?What are the omega bonds?

Answer 1

a-Linolenic Acid (ALA), w-3

Linolenic Acid (LA), w-6

Question 2

What the three important Fatty acids?

Answer 2

Arachidonic Acid (AA)
Eicosapentanenoic (EPA)
Docosahexaenoic (DHA)

Question 3

What is the difference between Saturated and Unsaturated

Answer 3

Saturated Fatty Acids- contain only single bonds with maximum number of hydrogens

Unsaturated- have 1 double bond

Question 4

Cerebrosides

Answer 4

Single Glucose or Galactose

- Important in the nerve cell myelin/enables fast and efficent conduction of nerve impulses

Question 5

Sulfatides

Answer 5

Found mainly in the Brain, CNS, PNS, Cell Growth/Signaling

Question 6

Globosides

Answer 6

Carbohydrate/N-Acetyl

Found in red blood cells, serum, liver, spleen

Question 7

Gangliosides

Answer 7

Carbohydrate + NANA

Abundant in Nervous System

Question 8

What GAGs are associated with Blood Types?

Answer 8

A- GalNAC
B-Galactose
AB- GalNAC + Galactose
O- No sugar residues

Question 9

How are Eicosanoids produced?

Answer 9

Prefer w-6 AA pathway

Question 10

What are the steps and inhibitions for the Eicosanoid Synthetic Pathway?

Answer 10

Phospholipid to Phospholipid A2 (inhibited by Prednisolone) to Arachidonic Acid can be move right towards Lipoxygenase or left to Cyclooxygenase (Inhibited by Ibprofen and Asprin)

Question 11

PGD(2)

Answer 11

Location: CNS/Mast Cells/ Adipose
Action: Lowering Body Temp

Question 12

PGE(1)

Answer 12

Purpose: Dilate Blood Vessels

Question 13

PGE(2)

Answer 13

Purpose: Causes fever, inflammation

Question 14

PGF(2a)

Answer 14

Purpose: Induce Labor

Question 15

PGI(2)

Answer 15

Purpose: Inhibits platelet activation, vasodilaton, Bronchodilator

Question 16

TX

Answer 16

Thromboxanes A:

Purpose: Facilitates platelet aggregation and vasoconstrictor

Question 17

Chylomicrons

Answer 17

Dietary triglycerols (90%)
and cholesterol

Question 18

VLDL

Answer 18

Very- Low Density Lipoprotein

Enogenous triglycerols and cholesterol

Question 19

IDL

Answer 19

Triacylglycerols and Cholesterol

intermediate Density Lipoproteins

Question 20

LDL

Answer 20

Low-Density Lipoproteins

Cholesterol

Question 21

HDL

Answer 21

High Density Lipoproteins

Phosholipid and Protein

Question 22

Composition of Bile Salts

Answer 22

Glycine, Taurine, conjugated to create cholic acid

Question 23

What are the two main Corticosteriods in the human body?

Answer 23

Mineralcorticoids:

• Created in Adrenal Cortex
• Aldosterone

Glucocorticoids:

• Created in the Adrenal Cortex
• Cortisol
• Released during starvation and other stress related

Question 24

Explain the steps for Vitamin D Synthesis

Answer 24

1. Cholesterol
2. Goes to the Liver
3. Transported to the Skin
4. Exposed to Sunlight/UV
5. Back to Liver, OH added
   6, To Kidney, OH Added
6. Calcitrol created (Vitamin D)