organic 1

Question 1

gas

Answer 1

domestic fuel

Question 2

petrol

Answer 2

cars

Question 3

kerosene

Answer 3

aircrafts

Question 4

diesel

Answer 4

cars+lorries

Question 5

sigma bond joins

Answer 5

carbon to 4 other atoms

Question 6

sigma bond

Answer 6

overlap of 2 orbitals (which each contain one electron) the bond has 2 shared electrons one from each orbital

Question 7

tetrahedral shape in alkanes

Answer 7

the repulsion of atoms around a carbon result in 3d tetrahedral arrangement

Question 8

how does the sigma bond affect movement of atoms

Answer 8

allow atoms to rotate freely so they can make different shapes. Shapes are not rigid

Question 9

how is boiling point of alkanes affected by chain length

Answer 9

bp increases with chain length as the sa increases and there are more surface points of contact resulting in Greater London forces

Question 10

how is boiling point of alkanes affected by branches

Answer 10

branched isomers have lower bp
1. fewer surface point of contact between molecules and weaker London forces
2. the shape means the branches get in the way and prevent molecules form getting as close as when straight, weaker lld forces

Question 11

incomplete combustion products

Answer 11

co/c and water

Question 12

complete combustion products

Answer 12

co2 and water

Question 13

bromination of methane initiation reaction

Answer 13

br-br=br+br

Question 14

bromination of methane step 1 propagation

Answer 14

Br.+ch4=hBr+ch3.

Question 15

bromination of methane step 2 propagation

Answer 15

Ch3.+Br2=Ch3Br+Br.

Question 16

shape of alkene

Answer 16

trignal planar
120
3 regions of density around each carbon
3 regions repel each other

Question 17

stereoisomer

Answer 17

same structural formula but different arrangement of the atoms in space

Question 18

why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes

Answer 18

sigma and pi bonds
sigma bonds concentrated above and below plane of sigma so more exposed to electrons
pi bond breaks more readily

Question 19

heterolytic fission

Answer 19

covalent bond is broken shared pair of electrons taken by one of the atoms

Question 20

homiletic fission

Answer 20

one electron goes with each atom when covalent bond is split

Question 21

disposing polymers

Answer 21

unreative saturated back bone makes It de biodegradable

Question 22

pvc recycling

Answer 22

pvc is hazardous as high in chlorine
when burnt releases hydrogen chloride a corrosive gas

Question 23

feed stock recycling

Answer 23

reclaim monomers gases or oils from waste polymers
able to handle unsorted ad unwashed polymers