alcohols and haloalkanes

Question 1

ozone initiation

Answer 1

CF2Cl2=cl. +.CFCl

Question 2

ozone propagation

Answer 2

1) Cl.+O3=ClO+O2
2) ClO+O3=2O2+Cl.

Question 3

ozone termination

Answer 3

1) 2O3=3O2
2) 2Cl.=Cl2

Question 4

alcohols volatility

Answer 4

less volatile than alkanes
hydrogen bonds and vanderwaal forces

Question 5

combustion of alcohols

Answer 5

makes co2 and water
alcohols make good fuels cus lots of energy is released

Question 6

nucleophilic substitution reagent and condition

Answer 6

reagent aqueous NaOH
condition reflux in aqueous sol

Question 7

nucleophile sub how does it work

Answer 7

halogens have a higher electron density than carbon and so a dipole is induced in the c-halgonen bond carbon open to attack by nucleophile

Question 8

dehydration reaction condition

Answer 8

condition acid catalyst conc h2so4
high temp

Question 9

oxidation of primary alcohol reagent and condition

Answer 9

reagent H2SO4/K2Cr2O7
condition distil to get aldehyde and heat under reflux to get Carboxylic Acid

Question 10

aldehyde functional group

Answer 10

carbon double bonded oxygen and bonded hydrogen

Question 11

ketone functional group

Answer 11

carbon double bonded to oxygen

Question 12

esterification reagent and condition

Answer 12

reagent Carboxylic Acid + strong acid catalyst h2so4
condition

Question 13

electrophilic addition reagent and condition

Answer 13

reagent HBr
condition room temp

Question 14

markovnikoff rule

Answer 14

major product is formed via most stable carbocation
3>2>1

Question 15

hydration reagent and condition

Answer 15

reagent stream (330)
condition high pressure phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 16

phosphoric acid

Answer 16

H3PO4

Question 17

hydrogenation reagent and condition

Answer 17

reagent hydrogen
condition (finely divided) nickel catalyst

Question 18

what does free radical substitution need

Answer 18

UV light

Question 19

alcohols are polar because

Answer 19

large difference in electronegativity between oxygen and carbon

Question 20

polarity and solubility

Answer 20

oxygen is very electronegative so can hydrogen bond to water molecules making alcohols water soluble

Question 21

potassium dichromate color change

Answer 21

changes from orange to green when alcohol is oxidised due to change in oxidation state of chromium ion

Question 22

why cant tertiary alcohols be oxidised

Answer 22

no hydrogen attached to carbon for oxygen to remove

Question 23

hydrolysis of haloalkane forms

Answer 23

aqueous alkali

Question 24

nucleophile cub rate down group 7

Answer 24

the rate decreases
large distance between halogen nucleus and shared pair of electrons, more shielding
c-x bond enthalpy decreases
bond easier to break during rate determining step