Organelles + Cells + Types of microscopes

Question 1

What is the function of cell membrane?

Answer 1

Separates the cell from external environment. Controls what enters and exits the cell (semi-permeable).

Question 2

Function of Nucleus?

Answer 2

Controls all activities of the cell

Question 3

Appearance/location of nucleus?

Answer 3

Dark and spherical. Central region of the cell

Question 4

Nuclear membrane function?

Location/appearance?

Answer 4

Allows molecular materials (like mRNA) to pass between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
Surrounding nucleus. Very porous.

Question 5

Nucleolus function?

Appearance/location?

Answer 5

Ribosomes are made in here.

A dense spherical mass in nucleus. Darkest structure in nucleus.

Question 6

Cell Wall function?

Appearance/location?

Answer 6

Protects, supports cell membrane. Keeps rectangular shape of plant cell.
Surrounds cell membrane.

Question 7

Chromatin function?

Appearance/location?

Answer 7

Genetic information that controls cell.
Found in nucleus. Chromatin - Thin, tangled wires containing DNA
Chromosomes - Condensed coiled up chromatin

Question 8

Cytoplasm (Function)

Answer 8

Keeps organelles in place and gives the cell its shape. Helps the cell function properly.

Question 9

Lysosomes (Function)

Answer 9

Digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and viruses or bacteria with the aid of enzymes

Question 10

Golgi body/ Apparatus (Function)

Answer 10

Works with E.R by adding fat and sugar molecules which are packaged and sent out to different parts of the cell.

Question 11

Ribosomes (Function)

Answer 11

Synthesizes protein (like enzymes and cell components) which are needed for chemical processes

Question 12

Vacuole (Function)

Answer 12

Store food particles, waste, and water

Question 13

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)

Answer 13

Transport system that allows chemicals to move throughout the cell.

Question 14

Zacharias Jansen (Contribution)

Answer 14

Invented first compound microscope and telescope

Question 15

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (Contribution)

Answer 15

Invented his own microscope
Father of microbiology
First to observe unicellular organisms (animalcules)

Question 16

Robert Hooke (Contribution)

Answer 16

Observed cork under microscope

First used the term “cell” because pored reminded of cell rooms lived in by monks

Question 17

Matthias Schneider (Contribution)

Answer 17

Discovered all plant tissue was made of cells

Question 18

Theodor Schwann (Contribution)

Answer 18

Discovered all animals are made of cells

Question 19

Rudolf Virchow (Contribution)

Answer 19

Concluded that cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 20

When was cell theory developed

Answer 20

In mid 1800s

Question 21

3 main ideas of cell theory

Answer 21

All organisms are made of cell(s)

Cell is basic unit of structure and organization in organisms

All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 22

Simple light microscope

Answer 22

Hand-held
Composed of single lens
Light from sun to illuminate substance

Question 23

Compound light microscope

Answer 23

Made of two lens
Ocular (close to observers eye)
Objective (close to specimen)
Illuminated using electric lamp