Organelles + Cells + Types of microscopes Flashcards
What is the function of cell membrane?
Separates the cell from external environment. Controls what enters and exits the cell (semi-permeable).
Function of Nucleus?
Controls all activities of the cell
Appearance/location of nucleus?
Dark and spherical. Central region of the cell
Nuclear membrane function?
Location/appearance?
Allows molecular materials (like mRNA) to pass between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
Surrounding nucleus. Very porous.
Nucleolus function?
Appearance/location?
Ribosomes are made in here.
A dense spherical mass in nucleus. Darkest structure in nucleus.
Cell Wall function?
Appearance/location?
Protects, supports cell membrane. Keeps rectangular shape of plant cell.
Surrounds cell membrane.
Chromatin function?
Appearance/location?
Genetic information that controls cell.
Found in nucleus. Chromatin - Thin, tangled wires containing DNA
Chromosomes - Condensed coiled up chromatin
Cytoplasm (Function)
Keeps organelles in place and gives the cell its shape. Helps the cell function properly.
Lysosomes (Function)
Digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and viruses or bacteria with the aid of enzymes
Golgi body/ Apparatus (Function)
Works with E.R by adding fat and sugar molecules which are packaged and sent out to different parts of the cell.
Ribosomes (Function)
Synthesizes protein (like enzymes and cell components) which are needed for chemical processes
Vacuole (Function)
Store food particles, waste, and water
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)
Transport system that allows chemicals to move throughout the cell.
Zacharias Jansen (Contribution)
Invented first compound microscope and telescope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (Contribution)
Invented his own microscope
Father of microbiology
First to observe unicellular organisms (animalcules)
Robert Hooke (Contribution)
Observed cork under microscope
First used the term “cell” because pored reminded of cell rooms lived in by monks
Matthias Schneider (Contribution)
Discovered all plant tissue was made of cells
Theodor Schwann (Contribution)
Discovered all animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow (Contribution)
Concluded that cells come from pre-existing cells
When was cell theory developed
In mid 1800s
3 main ideas of cell theory
All organisms are made of cell(s)
Cell is basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Simple light microscope
Hand-held
Composed of single lens
Light from sun to illuminate substance
Compound light microscope
Made of two lens
Ocular (close to observers eye)
Objective (close to specimen)
Illuminated using electric lamp
