DNA Flashcards
What does nucleus do? Where does its instructions carried in?
What each cell will become
How it will function
How long cell will live before it’s replaced. Carried in chromosomes
How many chromosome per cell do humans have?
46
Karyotype
Number, size, shape of chromosomes in organism
Gene
Segment of DNA
Who created model of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953
DNA (appearance)
Two strands of nucleus acid wrapped around each other in a double helix (twisted ladder)
Nucleus acids
Polymers formed by repeating monomers called nucleotides.
What are nucleotides made of
Nitrogen Bases
Five Carbon Sugar Molecule (Ribose)
Phosphate Group (Phosphate)
Nitrogenous bases
{Adenine
Guanine}
Purines
{Cytosine
Thymine}
Pyrimidines
How nitrogen bases bond
A + T
G + C
Regions of DNA that do and don’t code for proteins
Exons
Introns/ Junk DNA
Examples of transgenic organisms
Animals
Grow faster to increase food supply
Crops
Resist pests
Higher nutritional value
Withstand drought or cold
Bacteria (1st type to be altered)
Less likely to cause allergic reactions
Genetic engineering (altering genes)
When a gene is transferred between 2 different organisms, one species could make proteins made by other species.
