Organelles

Question 1

Where is the cell membrane?

Answer 1

it surrounds the cell

Question 2

what does the cell membrane do?

Answer 2

it regulates passage of materials(O, nutrients, waste) in/out of the cell

Question 3

What organisms have cell walls?

Answer 3

bacteria, fungi, and plants

Question 4

Where is the cell wall?

Answer 4

It surrounds the cell membrane

Question 5

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 5

It provides support and protects the cell

Question 6

Where is the cytosol found?

Answer 6

It is inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus.

Question 7

What is the cytosol?

Answer 7

It is a gel-like substance that provides support for organelles and helps move materials inside of the cell

Question 8

Where is the nucleus

Answer 8

In the cytoplasm, usually in the center of animal cells

Question 9

What is the nucleus?

Answer 9

It directs cell activity and contains chromatin, which is made of DNA and proteins

Question 10

What is the nuclear membrane?

Answer 10

A double membrane that regulates the materials that come in and out on the nucleus through nuclear pores.

Question 11

Where is the nuclear membrane?

Answer 11

Around the nucleus

Question 12

Where is the nucleolus?

Answer 12

in the nucleus

Question 13

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 13

It produces ribosomes and is made of RNA/proteins

Question 14

Where are ribosomes?

Answer 14

in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER

Question 15

what do ribosomes do?

Answer 15

They synthesize proteins and are made of RNA and proteins

Question 16

What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?

Answer 16

The rough ER is dotted with ribosomes and the smooth ER is not. Also, the smooth ER synthesizes/makes lipids and stores Enzymes while the rough ER modifies proteins made by ribosomes and creates new membranes.

Question 17

Where is the ER

Answer 17

in cytoplasm near the nucleus

Question 18

What does the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) do?

Answer 18

It is a network of compartments that create or modify materials(usually lipids or proteins) and transport the materials out of the cell using transport vesicles

Question 19

Where is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 19

in the cytoplasm

Question 20

What is the golgi?

Answer 20

It is a stack of flattened sacs that modify and distribute substances made by the ER.

Question 21

What organisms have lysosomes?

Answer 21

Mostly animals

Question 22

Where are lysosomes found?

Answer 22

in the cytoplasm

Question 23

What are lysosomes?

Answer 23

They are filled with digestive enzymyes. They break down food, foreign particles, and old organelles into cytoplasm

Question 24

Where are vacuoles found?

Answer 24

in the cytoplasm and often the center of plant cells

Question 25

What does a vacuole do?

Answer 25

It stores water, nutrients, and waste. Plants usually have one large central vacuole that regulates water pressure(turgor) and serves as a big lysosome

Question 26

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 26

They're sacs containing enzymes and they're sites of various metabolic reactions. They break down hydrogen peroxide.

Question 27

Where are peroxisomes found?

Answer 27

in the cytoplasm

Question 28

Where are the mitochondria?

Answer 28

in cytoplasm

Question 29

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 29

It is the site of cell respiration when it uses sugars to produce ATP for the cell. It has a double membrane, DNA and divides by itself when the rest of the cell divides

Question 30

What organisms have chloroplasts?

Answer 30

plants and some protists

Question 31

Where are chloroplasts found?

Answer 31

in the cytoplasm

Question 32

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 32

The site of photosynthesis(using light energy to make sugars). Has an outer and inner membrane, its own DNA, chloropyll pigment, and divides by itself when the cell divides.

Question 33

where is the micro-tubule organizing centre(MTOC) found?

Answer 33

in cytoplasm, often near the nucleus

Question 34

What is the MTOC?

Answer 34

It is where microtubules are first formed. It helps with formation of eukaryotic flagella and cilia and is involved in the formation of spindle fibers.

Question 35

What is the difference between the MTOC in plant and animal cells?

Answer 35

Animal MTOC's have centrioles in them and plant MTOC's do not.

Question 36

What do centrioles do?

Answer 36

They help form spindle fibers, flagella, and cilia(all eukaryotic)