Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Uptake of O2 from air to cells and expel CO2 from cells to air

Question 2

What are the primary gases involved in respiration?

Answer 2

O2, CO2, and N2

Atmosphere composition: 78% N2, 21% O2, 0.04% CO2

Question 3

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 3

A flat muscle that helps move air in and out of the lungs

Question 4

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 4

Ribcage moves up & out, diaphragm moves down

Question 5

What happens during exhalation?

Answer 5

Ribcage moves down & in, diaphragm moves up

Question 6

Which part of the brain controls breathing?

Answer 6

Brainstem

Question 7

What is gas exchange?

Answer 7

Exchange of gases with body cells

Question 8

What role does the circulatory system play in respiration?

Answer 8

Transport of gases by the circulatory system

Question 9

What are the major parts of the respiratory system that have mucus and cilia?

Answer 9

• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• Epiglottis
• Larynx
• Trachea

Question 10

What are the major parts of the respiratory system that do not have mucus and cilia?

Answer 10

• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Diaphragm

Question 11

What is the role of the nasal cavity?

Answer 11

Warms and moistens air

Question 12

Where do the digestive and respiratory systems meet?

Answer 12

Pharynx

Question 13

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 13

Covers opening to trachea when eating or drinking

Question 14

What is the trachea commonly referred to as?

Answer 14

Windpipe

Question 15

What are bronchi?

Answer 15

Two airway branches off trachea, one to each lung

Question 16

What are alveoli?

Answer 16

Air sacs surrounded by capillaries where O2 is exchanged for CO2

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The diaphragm is a _______ that helps us breathe.

Answer 17

muscle

Question 18

What is known about vaping?

Answer 18

There is a lot we don’t know yet.

Question 19

What has new research found about vaping?

Answer 19

Vaping alters the physical appearance of airways and lung macrophages.

Source: Ray Coakley (Ghosh et al. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2018)

Question 20

What are the differences between non-smoker and smoker’s lungs?

Answer 20

Non-smoker’s lungs are healthier compared to smoker’s lungs.

Question 21

What is the trend of high school vaping from 2009 to 2023?

Answer 21

High school vaping has dropped again according to the 2023 CDC data.

Source: https://casaa.org/2023-cdc-data-shows-high-schoo-vaping-droppedagain-and-nore-tobacco-harm-reduction-newsl

Question 22

What is necessary for gas exchange in mammals?

Answer 22

Gas exchange is accomplished by the diaphragm and ribcage.

Question 23

What do red blood cells help to transport?

Answer 23

Red blood cells help to transport CO2 and buffer the blood.

Question 24

What is the composition of exhaled air?

Answer 24

Exhaled air is CO2-rich and O2-poor.

Question 25

What happens to alveoli in emphysema?

Answer 25

Alveoli are damaged, causing shortness of breath and tightness in the chest. ## Footnote Over time, the inner walls of alveoli weaken and break, resulting in less surface area for gas exchange.

Question 26

What is bronchitis?

Answer 26

Bronchitis is inflammation of the airways resulting in daily cough and mucus production.

Question 27

What is COPD?

Answer 27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a combination of more than one lung disease that limits breathing ability and can worsen over time.

Question 28

What occurs during an asthma attack?

Answer 28

During an asthma attack, muscles tighten around the bronchial tubes and mucus is produced, blocking alveoli.

Question 29

How do inhalers help during asthma?

Answer 29

Inhalers relax bronchial tubes to ease breathing.

Question 30

What is chronic bronchitis?

Answer 30

Chronic bronchitis involves inflammation and excess mucus in the airways.

Question 31

What happens to alveolar membranes in emphysema?

Answer 31

Alveolar membranes break down, leading to larger air spaces but less wall area for gas exchange.

Question 32

What is the function of cilia in the respiratory system?

Answer 32

Cilia help keep respiratory tubes clean.

Question 33

What are alveoli?

Answer 33

Alveoli are air sacs at the end of our airways.

Question 34

What occurs in the alveoli?

Answer 34

Gases get exchanged.

Question 35

What is the structure of alveoli?

Answer 35

Alveoli have thin walls.

Question 36

What surrounds the alveoli?

Answer 36

Alveoli are surrounded by blood vessels called capillaries.

Question 37

What is the role of hemoglobin?

Answer 37

Hemoglobin carries oxygen inside red blood cells.

Question 38

What happens to gas in the alveoli?

Answer 38

Gas diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.

Question 39

What happens to gas in the blood?

Answer 39

Gas diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled.

Question 40

What is the composition of blood in terms of oxygen?

Answer 40

Blood can be oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor.

Question 41

What is the function of mucus in the respiratory system?

Answer 41

Mucus traps bacteria and dust.

Question 42

What is the process of gas exchange?

Answer 42

Oxygen is loaded in the lungs and unloaded in tissues.