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Respiratory System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

Uptake of O2 from air to cells and expel CO2 from cells to air

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2
Q

What are the primary gases involved in respiration?

A

O2, CO2, and N2

Atmosphere composition: 78% N2, 21% O2, 0.04% CO2

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3
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

A flat muscle that helps move air in and out of the lungs

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4
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A

Ribcage moves up & out, diaphragm moves down

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5
Q

What happens during exhalation?

A

Ribcage moves down & in, diaphragm moves up

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6
Q

Which part of the brain controls breathing?

A

Brainstem

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7
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

Exchange of gases with body cells

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8
Q

What role does the circulatory system play in respiration?

A

Transport of gases by the circulatory system

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9
Q

What are the major parts of the respiratory system that have mucus and cilia?

A
  • Nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Epiglottis
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
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10
Q

What are the major parts of the respiratory system that do not have mucus and cilia?

A
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
  • Diaphragm
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11
Q

What is the role of the nasal cavity?

A

Warms and moistens air

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12
Q

Where do the digestive and respiratory systems meet?

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

Covers opening to trachea when eating or drinking

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14
Q

What is the trachea commonly referred to as?

A

Windpipe

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15
Q

What are bronchi?

A

Two airway branches off trachea, one to each lung

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16
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Air sacs surrounded by capillaries where O2 is exchanged for CO2

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The diaphragm is a _______ that helps us breathe.

A

muscle

18
Q

What is known about vaping?

A

There is a lot we don’t know yet.

19
Q

What has new research found about vaping?

A

Vaping alters the physical appearance of airways and lung macrophages.

Source: Ray Coakley (Ghosh et al. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2018)

20
Q

What are the differences between non-smoker and smoker’s lungs?

A

Non-smoker’s lungs are healthier compared to smoker’s lungs.

21
Q

What is the trend of high school vaping from 2009 to 2023?

A

High school vaping has dropped again according to the 2023 CDC data.

Source: https://casaa.org/2023-cdc-data-shows-high-schoo-vaping-droppedagain-and-nore-tobacco-harm-reduction-newsl

22
Q

What is necessary for gas exchange in mammals?

A

Gas exchange is accomplished by the diaphragm and ribcage.

23
Q

What do red blood cells help to transport?

A

Red blood cells help to transport CO2 and buffer the blood.

24
Q

What is the composition of exhaled air?

A

Exhaled air is CO2-rich and O2-poor.

25
Q

What happens to alveoli in emphysema?

A

Alveoli are damaged, causing shortness of breath and tightness in the chest.

Over time, the inner walls of alveoli weaken and break, resulting in less surface area for gas exchange.

26
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Bronchitis is inflammation of the airways resulting in daily cough and mucus production.

27
Q

What is COPD?

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a combination of more than one lung disease that limits breathing ability and can worsen over time.

28
Q

What occurs during an asthma attack?

A

During an asthma attack, muscles tighten around the bronchial tubes and mucus is produced, blocking alveoli.

29
Q

How do inhalers help during asthma?

A

Inhalers relax bronchial tubes to ease breathing.

30
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Chronic bronchitis involves inflammation and excess mucus in the airways.

31
Q

What happens to alveolar membranes in emphysema?

A

Alveolar membranes break down, leading to larger air spaces but less wall area for gas exchange.

32
Q

What is the function of cilia in the respiratory system?

A

Cilia help keep respiratory tubes clean.

33
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Alveoli are air sacs at the end of our airways.

34
Q

What occurs in the alveoli?

A

Gases get exchanged.

35
Q

What is the structure of alveoli?

A

Alveoli have thin walls.

36
Q

What surrounds the alveoli?

A

Alveoli are surrounded by blood vessels called capillaries.

37
Q

What is the role of hemoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin carries oxygen inside red blood cells.

38
Q

What happens to gas in the alveoli?

A

Gas diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.

39
Q

What happens to gas in the blood?

A

Gas diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled.

40
Q

What is the composition of blood in terms of oxygen?

A

Blood can be oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor.

41
Q

What is the function of mucus in the respiratory system?

A

Mucus traps bacteria and dust.

42
Q

What is the process of gas exchange?

A

Oxygen is loaded in the lungs and unloaded in tissues.

Bio (5 decks)

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