digestive system

Question 1

What are the 4 stages of digestion?

Answer 1

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination.

Question 2

What are the organs in the digestive system food goes through?

Answer 2

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.

Question 3

What are the accessory organs?

Answer 3

salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas.

Question 4

What type of digestion happens in the mouth?

Answer 4

mostly mechanical, but also a little bit of chemical energy.

Question 5

How is food mechanically digested in the mouth?

Answer 5

It is chewed and moistened with saliva to become a ball called a bolus.

Question 6

What covers the opening to the trachea so that you don’t breathe your food?

Answer 6

The epiglottis

Question 7

How is food chemically digested in the mouth?

Answer 7

salivary amylase breaks starches down into disaccharides.

Question 8

What is peristalsis?

Answer 8

Waves of muscle contractions that move things(food).

Question 9

What happens in the esophagus?

Answer 9

The bolus moves down the esophagus into the stomach.

Question 10

What type of digestion happens in the stomach?

Answer 10

Mostly chemical but a little mechanical.

Question 11

How is food chemically digested in the stomach?

Answer 11

Stomach acid(HCl) activates pepsinogen into pepsin enzyme which breaks down proteins into dipeptides.

Question 12

How is food mechanically digested in the stomach?

Answer 12

the muscular wall contracts to churn food.

Question 13

How is the stomach lining protected from HCl?

Answer 13

It secretes a protective mucus that covers the lining.

Question 14

Where are the sphincters in the stomach?

Answer 14

The cardiac sphincter is at the stomachs entrance and the pyloric sphincter is by the exit of the stomach.

Question 15

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

Answer 15

It squirts chyme into the duodenum of the small intestine after food has gone through the stomach.

Question 16

What is acid reflux?

Answer 16

It is commonly known as heartburn and happens when acid from the stomach escapes into the esophagus.

Question 17

What are gastric ulcers?

Answer 17

Stomach mucus is eroded and the cells lining the stomach are damaged creating an ulcer(sore).

Question 18

How are gastric ulcers caused?

Answer 18

They can be caused by many different factors including: NSAIDS, Alcohol, gastric hyper-acidity, cigarettes, etc. Also H. Pylori in the pyloric sphincter can cause an ulcer.

Question 19

What types of digestion occur in the small intestine?

Answer 19

Mostly chemical but a little mechanical.

Question 20

How does mechanical digestion occur in the small intestine?

Answer 20

Muscles squeeze which breaks up the bits of food.

Question 21

How does chemical digestion occur in the small intestine?

Answer 21

Bile from the liver breaks up fat(bile is not an enzyme). Juices from the pancreas and intestine break up carbs and proteins.

Question 22

What enzymes break up carbs in the small intestine?

Answer 22

Pancreatic amylase breaks starches into disaccharides. Disaccharides are broken up into monosaccharides by lactase, sucrase, and others.

Question 23

What enzymes break up proteins in the small intestine?

Answer 23

Large polypeptides are broken into smaller polypeptides by trypsin and others. Smaller polypeptides are broken into amino acids by peptidases.

Question 24

How does the small intestine absorb nutrients?

Answer 24

monosaccharides and amino acids are transported from the lumen to the bloodstream to the body cells. Lipid monomers use lymph vessels to get to body cells.

Question 25

How do villi help absorption?

Answer 25

They create a larger surface area so absorption can go faster.