Organelle Quiz Flashcards
cell wall
to provide support and protection for the cell, in plants and prokaryotes, made of cellulose
nucleus
contains nucleic acids; directs activities of the cell, in eukaryotics, control center of the cell
chromatin
fine strands in nucleus which contain DNA & proteins
chromosomes
carries genetic information and passed on by generation; it is coiled DNA
nucleolus
where the assembly of ribosomes begin, the ribosomes get synthesized, small, dense region of nucleus
nuclear envelope
composed of double membranes, controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
nucleoplasm
dense, protein-rich protoplasm, found inside nucleus
cytoskeleton
helps the cell maintain shape, it helps with cell movement
microtubules
long, slender protein tubes some form of spindle fibers; part of cytoskeleton, 25 nm in diameter
microfilaments
help movement and function of the cell, form extensive networks in some cells, produce a tough, flexible framework that supports the cell.
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis most numerous cell organelle, assemble proteins
smooth ER
membrane system of folded sacs/tunnels, have few or no ribosomes attached, storage area for proteins
rough ER
membrane system of folded sacs/tunnels, have many ribosomes attached make proteins
Golgi body
stacks of membranes or fluid-filled sacs which process, package, and secrete proteins operate like an assembly line
lysosomes
they break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from food into particles that can be used by the rest of the cell. They also break down organelles that outlived their usefulness and remove debris from cluttering up the cell.
vacuole
pressure in vacuoles make it possible for plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers.
chloroplast
use the energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process called photosynthesis
mitochondria
respiration center of cell nicknamed powerhouse of the cell (ATP-energy for the cell)
cytoplasm
jelly-like material inside cell membrane contains water, salts, and organic molecules
cell membrane (plasma membrane)
supports cell from environment semi-permeable composed of 2 layers
plastid
they store specific things; Plastids form small colorless bodies called proplastids. Once formed certain kinds of plastids can be converted into other types
centrioles
separate and take up positions on either side of the nucleus
Hooke
used one of the first microscopes to look at thin plant tissues. He saw little chambers and called them cells, which is still used today, he stimulated for other scientists to search for cells in other living things
van Leeuwenhoek
produced lens that made small objects larger, first person to see magnified objects in water.
Schleiden
concluded all plants are made of cells
Schwann
concluded all animals are made of cells
Virchow
stated that reproduction forms new cells and cells must come from something
What are found in plants but not in animals?
vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall
What are found in animals not plants?
cilia, lysosomes
Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus and a membrane
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.
Explain how the smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi body, ribosomes, and nucleolus work together in protein synthesis.
The nucleolus makes ribosomes, the ribosomes make proteins, the rough ER gets the proteins modified, sent to the Golgi, which packages them and finalizes them and ships them.
What is the cell wall made of? What kind of macromolecule is this?
cellulose (carbohydrate)
