Chapter 2.3 Quiz Flashcards
How many valence electrons does Carbon have?
4
Each atom can join with an electron from another atom to form what kind of bond?
covalent
What atoms can Carbon bond with?
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, other carbon
What is organic chemistry?
the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
What are macromolecules?
it means “giant molecules”. They are made from thousands of smaller particles. They are formed by a process called polymerization
What are monomers?
Smaller units that make up polymers
What are polymers?
many monomers form together to form these, they can be made up of identical or different monomers
What’s the process that macromolecules are formed
polymerization
What are the 4 groups of organic compounds found in living things?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is the function of a carbohydrate?
They give the body structure and is a source of energy.
What elements make up all the organic compounds?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is the ratio of carbohydrate elements?
1:2:1
What is a monosaccharide?
single sugar molecules, they include galactose, a component of milk, and fructose which are in many fruits.
What are monosaccharides that form in groups of 2?
disaccharides
What are polysaccharides?
the large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides glycogen in animals and humans and cellulose in plants
What are examples of carbohydrates used as sources of energy?
Sugars and starches
What are lipids?
a large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water, made mostly of hydrogen and carbon atoms
How are lipids formed?
when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acids
What are the lipid categories?
fats, oils, waxes, steroids, triglycerides
The main use of lipids is:
to store energy and to serve as waterproof coverings and membranes
What elements are nucleic acids made of?
CHO, phosphorous, nitrogen
What monomers make up nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What do nucleotides consist of?
A 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
What bonds make up nucleic acids?
covalent
What are examples of nucleic acids storing genetic information?
DNA/RNA
What elements make up proteins?
CHO, nitrogen
What are proteins made of?
amino acids
How many types of amino acids are found in nature?
20
What are amino acids?
compounds with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
What is a carboxyl group?
COOH
What is an amino group?
NH2
What makes amino acids different from other organic compounds?
They have an R-group
What are some protein functions?
Some control rates of reaction, and some are used to form bones and muscles. Others transport substances into or out of cells, and some help fight disease
What is the structure of a protein?
They are a chain of amino acids, then they are twisted and folded and the chain gets twisted and folded.
What is the ratio for lipids?
CHO 1:2:very few
What are some examples of proteins?
hormones, enzymes, dairy, meats, nuts, collegein
What is the main function of nucleic acids?
To transport genetic material, to defend things, and has instructions for proteins.
Describe what happens during dehydration synthesis.
water molecules are taken away from the molecule and a new one is formed
Describe what occurs during hydrolysis
A water molecule is added to the molecule and affects it
