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Biology I > Genetics Quiz > Flashcards

Genetics Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

A

gene

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2
Q

one of a number of different forms of a gene

A

alleles

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3
Q

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

A

hybrid

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4
Q

a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it

A

dominant

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5
Q

a trait that will not be shown in the offspring if one of the parents contributes a dominant trait in each genotype.

A

recessive

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6
Q

term used to refer to an organism that has the same two alleles for a particular trait

A

homozygous

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7
Q

term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

A

heterozygous

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8
Q

specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

A

gamete

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9
Q

a fertilized egg

A

zygote

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10
Q

the union of male and female gametic nuclei

A

fertilization

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11
Q

when individuals with contrasting traits are crossed, the offspring will express only the dominant trait

A

Principle of Dominance

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12
Q

The two members of a gene pair separate from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele.

A

Principle of Segregation

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13
Q

Principle originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together.

A

Principle of Independent Assortment

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14
Q

situation in which one allele isn’t completely dominant over another.

A

Incomplete dominance

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15
Q

situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

A

codominance

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16
Q

gene located on the X or Y chromosome

A

X-linked trait

17
Q

chart that shows the relationships within a family

A

pedigree

18
Q

Any chromosome except for the sex chromosomes. Humans have 44 autosomal chromosomes

A

autosomal chromosomes

19
Q

A trait that is controlled by a group of nonallelic genes.

A

polygenic traits

20
Q

three or more alleles of the same gene

A

multiple alleles

21
Q

one of two chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex, females have two X chromosomes, male have one X and one Y chromosome.

A

sex chromosomes

22
Q

a set of photographs of chromosomes grouped in order of pairs

A

karyotype

23
Q

error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate

A

nondisjunction

24
Q

a chromosomal rearrangement in which a segment of genetic material from one chromosome becomes heritably linked to another chromosome

A

translocation

25
Q

a type of chromosomal aberration in which the position of a segment of the chromosome is changed in such a way that the linear order of the genes is reversed.

A

inversion

26
Q

term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.

A

diploid

27
Q

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes

A

haploid

28
Q

analysis of sections of DNA that have little or no known function, but vary widely from one individual to another, in order to identify individuals.

A

DNA fingerprinting

29
Q

member of a population of genetically identical organisms produced from a single cell.

A

cloning

30
Q

combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population.

A

gene pool

31
Q

number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur.

A

relative frequency

32
Q

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest.

A

natural selection

33
Q

the application of genetic engineering to the transplantation of genes into human cells in order to cure a disease caused by a genetic defect, as a missing enzyme.

A

gene therapy

34
Q

method of improving a species by allowing only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.

A

selective breeding

Biology I (5 decks)

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