Organ Systems of the Body

Question 1

Name the 11 organ systems in the body

Answer 1

• The Integumentary System
• The Skeletal system
• The Muscular System
• The Nervous System
• The Endocrine System
• The Lymphatic System
• The Reproductive System
• The Cardiovascular System (aka Circulatory)
• The Respiratory System
• The Digestive System (aka Gastrointestinal)
• The Renal System (aka Urinary)

Question 2

Integumentary System

Answer 2

Skin, hair nails, sweat and oil glands.

Question 3

Integumentary system Functions

Answer 3

• Protection
  covers the surface of the body and acts as a barrier
• Sensation
  detects heat, cold, touch, pressure and pain
• Temperature Regulation
  regulates body temp using blood flow and sweat glands
• Vitamin D Production
  produces vitamin D using ultraviolet light
• Excretion
  Produces small amounts of waste

Question 4

Skeletal system

Answer 4

Bones, Joints, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.

Question 5

Skeletal System Functions

Answer 5

• Support
  Bears weight of body; ligaments hold bones together
• Protect
  Protects ‘soft’ tissues and organs of the body
• Body Movement
  skeletal muscles attach to bones; contract to produce body movement.
• Store Minerals
  stores calcium and phosphorus and adipose tissue
• Produce Blood Cells
  contains cavities known as bone marrow which produce red blood cells.

Question 6

Muscular System

Answer 6

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles

Question 7

Muscular System Functions

Answer 7

• Movement
  skeletal muscles keep us standing erect or sitting down.
• Produce Body Heat
  Skeletal muscles produce heat when they contract
• Communication
  Skeletal muscles involved in all aspects of communication.
• Constrict Organs and Vessels
  Smooth muscles in the walls of these structures cause them to constrict and function as they should
• Contract Heart
  cardiac muscles contract so heart can pump blood in the body
• Respiration
  skeletal muscles of thorax and diaphragm help in breathing.

Question 8

Nervous System

Answer 8

Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs (e.g. eyes, ears, etc..)

Question 9

Nervous System Functions

Answer 9

• Sensory
  Detects external and internal stimuli and reacts accordingly.
• Regulate body activities
  Generates signals in the form of nerve impulses that control body movement.

Question 10

Endocrine System

Answer 10

• Hormone producing glands.

- E.g. thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes, etc…

Question 11

Endocrine System Functions

Answer 11

• Regulate Body Activities

Releases hormones from glands which move to target area and act appropriately.

Question 12

Lymphatic System

Answer 12

Lymphatic fluid (lymph), lymphatic vessels, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils and cells with immunity function.

Question 13

Lymphatic System Functions

Answer 13

- Fluid Balance
    Collects lymph (fluid containing water, ions, nutrients, enzymes, etc..) and carries it to the blood.

• Lipid Absorption
  Absorbs lipids and other substances from the digestive tract and carries to the blood.
• Defence
  filters disease causing microbes and other foreign substances from blood and lymph: contains cells that fight against microbes.

Question 14

Reproductive System

Answer 14

Gonads (testes, ovaries) and associated organs e.g. penis, vagina, mammary glands, etc…

Question 15

Reproductive System Functions

Answer 15

• Produce gametes
  sperm cells and oocytes
• Fertilisation
  Enables fertilisation of oocytes
• Development and nourishment of individual
  Female system nurtures developing foetus and provides nourishment after birth.
• Produce Reproductive Hormones
  Produces hormones that control:
  development of of sex-specific body form, functions of reproductive system and reproductive behaviours.

Question 16

Cardiovascular (circulatory) System

Answer 16

Heart, blood vessels and blood

Question 17

Cardiovascular (circulatory) System Functions

Answer 17

• Pumps blood throughout the body
  Heart pumps blood
• Transports substances to and from cells
  Blood contains oxygen, nutrients, co2, etc…
• Maintains body temperature
  Movement of warm blood to body surface

Question 18

Respiratory system

Answer 18

Lungs, air passages- Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, etc…

Question 19

Respiratory system Functions

Answer 19

• Gas TransportTransfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and removes CO2 from blood to exhaled air.
• Regulate blood pHBlood pH levels can be altered by changing CO2 levels.
• Produce voiceAir moving past vocal cord makes sound and speech
• OlfactionSense of smell created when molecules in air are drawn into nasal cavity.
• Defenceprevents some microbes from entering the body and removes them from respiratory surfaces.

Question 20

Digestive (gastrointestinal) system

Answer 20

Organs of the digestive tract

Question 21

Digestive (gastrointestinal) system Functions

Answer 21

• Ingestion
  Helps to take food into the body
• Propulsion and Mixing
  Food from one end of the digestive tract to the other; mixes food back and forth in the tract.
• Secretion
  Mucus is secreted to lubricate food and line the tract
• Digestion
  Breakdown of food into nutrients
• Absorption
  Moves nutrients through the tract into the blood or lymph.
• Elimination
  Removes waste products from digestion.

Question 22

Renal (urinary) system

Answer 22

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.

Question 23

Renal (urinary) system Functions

Answer 23

• Excretion
  kidneys filter waste products from blood and convert them into urine
• Regulate Blood Volume and Pressure
  Can produce dilute or conc. urine, depending on hydration level of the body.
• Regulate Concentration of Ions
  Na, K, Ca and other important ions regulated by the kidneys.
• Regulate Red Blood Cell synthesis
  Secretes hormone that stimulates synthesis of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
• Regulates Vitamin D synthesis