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Organ Rep: Modern French/American > Organ History/Design Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Organ History/Design Quiz 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the order of manuals in a three-manual organ in Europe?

A

Top-Recit
Middle-Positif
Lowest-Grand orgue

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2
Q

What are the order of manuals in a three-manual organ in the U.S. and England?

A

Top-Swell
Middle-Great
Lowest-Choir

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3
Q

True or False: Two types of coupling in mechanical action are a drumstick coupler and a sticker affixed to the lower manual.

A

True

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4
Q

True or false: Coupling in electrical action amounts merely to cables and switches.

A

True

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5
Q

In electric action, why is a gang switch necessary in coupling manuals?

A

It used so that, when coupling one manual to the other, both manuals do activate all the pipes of the other, but instead only activate all the pipes on one manual while the other still only activates its own divisional pipes.

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6
Q

True or false: For a reversible switch to work it needs 3 solenoids

A

False, it only needs 2

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7
Q

Name the different types of combination actions

A

Cavaille-Colle Ventil system
Machine Stop
Setter board toggle switches
Capture combination

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8
Q

The sforzando or full organ is operated from a reversible toe stud or manual piston. What does it mean that the device functions in a blind fashion?

A

It means that it does not pull stops or respond to what is pulled by the player. It directly goes to the stops.

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9
Q

True or false: An ancestor of the swell box is the echo on French organs.

A

True

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10
Q

True or false: The English used crude sliding doors on swell divisions until 1789 when Samuel Green adapted the Venetian shades to the organ

A

True

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11
Q

What is a balanced swell pedal?

A

It was an innovation where the swell shade will remain in place when the pedal controlling them is released. The builder balances weight of the mechanism’s parts and the springs in the shades.

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12
Q

True or false: A type of swell engine is the whipple-tree type

A

True

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13
Q

What is a rheostat?

A

It is a machine that controls the amount of current entering a device. By controlling the amount of current, the swell shades can close with the varying current.

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14
Q

What is the best aid to registration of all?

A

To assist and have an assistant

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15
Q

True or false: Sound is wave motion within a specified band of relatively fast frequencies

A

False, it’s relatively slow

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16
Q

The span of time required for a single cycle is termed the frequency and is the determinant of ________ ?

A

Pitch

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17
Q

True or false: Frequency is measured in cycles per second

A

True

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18
Q

A single cycle is called a ______ and abbreviated ___.

A

Hertz, HZ

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19
Q

The greater the amplitude of a wave, the _______ the sound, the smaller the amplitude, the ________ the sound.

A

Louder, quieter

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20
Q

True or false: In the overtone series, the first overtone is the first partial

A

False, it is the second partial

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21
Q

What is the electronic machine with a screen which can display the wave forms of various musical sources?

A

Oscilloscope

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22
Q

What is another name for the overtone series?

A

Harmonic series

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23
Q

True or False: The relationship between any two partials is a ratio derived from their respective numbers in the series. Hence the octave is 2:1 with the larger number representing the higher of the tones of the interval.

A

True

24
Q

What is the a perfect fifth and a perfect fourth?

A

3/2, 4/3

25
Q

What is the Pythagorean comma? How is it found?

A

It is the difference found between tuning 12 pure fifths and seven octaves, resulting in a sharper B# than the C, by about 23.46 cents

26
Q

What is the syntonic comma? How is it found?

A

It is the difference found between two pure major seconds and a major third, with the former being sharper than the later by 21.5 cents

27
Q

What are two ways to achieve a Resultant 32’? Which is more successful and why?

A

One way is to wire the 16’ pipe in the bass to have a perfect fifth placed alongside it. This does not work very well since organs use temperaments that will not have pure perfect fifths sound. A more successful method is a 10 2/3 pitch which is the third partial in the overtones series playing with the 16’, the second partial.

28
Q

A celeste stop is usually tuned ______

A

sharp

29
Q

English organs often call the 2 2/3 the _______ (the third partial)

A

twelfth

30
Q

English organs often call the 2 the ________ (the fourth partial)

A

Fifteenth

31
Q

Another name for a flue stop is a labial stop. What does “labial” mean?

A

Labial stands for “lips,” since air flows across the mouth

32
Q

Harmonic pipes are approximately twice as long as their nominal pitch demands. What causes them to produce the correct pitch?

A

A cut is made halfway up the pipe to allow it still be the correct length. A process known as overblowing

33
Q

How much of a wave length is present in an open pipe?

A

Half

34
Q

True or false: Open pipes are capable of producing all overtones simply because it is possible to obtain antinodes at each end of the pipes for each partial of the fundamental wave.

A

True

35
Q

True or false: Stopped pipes stress the even-numbered harmonics and suppress the odd-numbered ones.

A

False, it stresses odd

36
Q

The reeds in organ pipes are made of what type of metal?

A

Brass

37
Q

Another name of reed stop is lingual stop. What does lingual mean?

A

It means tongue, reed stops are named that because of the vibrating tongue that makes a sound.

38
Q

If the tuning wire is pushed down, it ______ the pitch

A

raises

39
Q

If the tuning wire is pulled up, it _______ the pitch

A

lowers

40
Q

Trumpets and oboes use what type of resonators?

A

Conical resonators that are long in length

41
Q

Krumhorns and clarinets use what type of resonatores?

A

Cylindrical resonators about half their nominal length

42
Q

How is equal temperament achieved?

A

Lowering all fifths by a 1/12 of the Pythagorean comma

43
Q

True or false: In quarter comma mean-tone tuning, eight out of twelve major thirds are pure

A

True

44
Q

What are the two most common metals used in organ pipes?

A

Tin and lead

45
Q

What two metals are used less frequently in organ pipes? Why are they used less frequently?

A

Copper and zinc, copper is very expensive and zinc is ugly and is difficult to trim.

46
Q

What is a mandrel?

A

A circular rod where pipe’s metals are put on

47
Q

What are the most common woods used in organ building?

A

White pine, spruce, fir, and sugar pine. Hardwoods are oak, cherry, and walnut.

48
Q

What does it mean to say that a mixture “breaks back”?

A

It means that as a mixture gets higher, small enough pipes are not there, so they begin to play lower pipes instead

49
Q

True or false: Gedeckts and bourdons are stopped

A

True

50
Q

True or false: A doppel flute has two mouths on opposite sides of its wooden body.

A

True

51
Q

True or false: Another name for a Rohrflote is a chimney flute

A

True

52
Q

If flutes are wide scale pipes, what are strings?

A

Narrow scale

53
Q

What are the pitches in a cornet?

A

8, 4, 2 2/3, 2, 1 3/5

54
Q

True or false: The Clarinet emphasizes odd numbered partials

A

True

55
Q

name three examples of toy stops

A

Rossignol/ vogelgesang
Cymbelstern
Glockenspiel

Organ Rep: Modern French/American (8 decks)

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