Organ History/Design Quiz 1 Flashcards
The five elements which all pipe organs have in common are:
- Things that raise and regulate wind pressure
- A place (console) where players can actuate certain pipes
- A way of connecting keys to pipes (action)
- Wooden chests that support the pipes
- The pipework itself
What is used to measure wind pressure?
Manometer
True or false: Wind pressures used in organ building rarely fall below two inches and now, save in the case of high pressure reed stops, rarely exceed five inches
True
Another name for cuneiform bellows
Diagonal or wedge bellows
Where in the winding system are cone and curtain valves used?
Between blower and reservoir
How does the tremblant doux of Dom Bedos work?
A flap is put in front of the wind in the main wind trunk. This flap is put in front of the wind on top of a light spring, and a stop is pulled to push the flap down.
What kind of tremulant is in the Juget-Sinclaire organ in the studio?
Tremulant doux
Barker levers are used in pulling open the pallets. Do they replace or assist mechanical action?
Assist
In mechanical action all of the connections are accomplished by mechanical linkages. What are they?
A key is balanced on a fulcrum with a sticker at the end. When key is compressed, the sticker goes up and pushes up the backfall, which then pulls down the tracker, which is attached to a pulldown that is attached to the pallet.
What are the advantages of mechanical action?
It allows for a connection between the player and the pallet that is touch sensitive.
It forces a uniformity of design that is pleasing to the eye.
It has a lower maintenance cost.
What are the disadvantages of mechanical action?
It is limiting in the amount of stops an organ can have, due to excessive weight it could create on the fingers.
Console, with some rare exception, must be attached to the frame and also limits the size of the frame.
Is more expensive to build and takes up more floor space.
What is a tracker?
The back end of a backfall that attaches to the pulldown and pulls. Made of wood, 3/8 inch wide, 1/8 inch thick.
What is a sticker?
The back end of a key that is attached to the backfall, is pushes. Made of tin, width of a pencil lead, 5/16th of an inch. Rarely longer than a foot
What is a backfall?
The connection between the sticker and tracker. First class lever
What are the two types of pedal boards on organs at CCM?
Flat, non-radiating
Concave, radiating
What organ at CCM uses a fan frame to spread the action as it moves from keyboard to chest?
Wilhelm
If a fairly large mechanical action organ does not use a fan frame, what is used to spread the action as it moves from keyboard to chest?
Roller boards
There are three types of levers used in organ building. Where would you encounter each type?
First class: Typical keys, backfalls
Second Class: Suspended action keys
Third class: A pedal key
What is a short octave?
It is a compression of a full 12-key octave to the space of 10 keys, used in early organs as a way to expand pitch range without needing to enlarge the compass of the organ.
Which keys use which pitches in a short octave?
E=C, F=F, F#=F#/D, G=G, G#=G#/E, A=A, A#=A#, B=B, C=C, C#=C#
What kind of a chest did the 16th century Italian organ use?
Spring wind chest
On an Italian organ based on 16’ principale, what pitch is the VIII?
What about the XV and XIX?
8’, 4’, 2 2/3’
On an Italian organ, were flutes used in the ripienao?
NO
On an Italian organ, were flutes used in the ripieno?
No
Were there mixtures on the Italian organ?
No
On a one manual Spanish organ, at what pitches were stops divided?
C/C#
