Organ History/Design Quiz 2 Flashcards
Advantages of electric action
-Easy to lay out and construct
-Easier to build in mass
-Avoids issue of connection between key and frame
-Can instantly change stops
-Larger instruments with greater variety of stopsA
Disadvantages of electric action
-It created a disconnect between the key and pallet
-Loss of integrity between the console and frames
-Many organs no longer stand-alone instruments, but orchestral imitations
True or false: While voltage is the force behind electrons, amperage is the amount of current being forced through the circuit
True
True or false: the circuits for electric action use low voltage (from about 12-18 volts) direct current (DC)
True
True or False: A rectifier increases the voltages from low to high and smooths AC into DC
false
True or false: Whenever a piece of ferrite metal is mounted so that it intentionally moves in the direction of the electromagnet core, that piece of metal is called an armature
True
An electromagnet is also known as a….
solenoid
True or false: In parallel wiring each circuit is directly connected to the positive side of the power supply and returns directly to the negative side
True
_______ wiring is never used in organ building, saved by accident
series
What prevents arcing?
The bronze or copper, when pushed by the key, intersect with gold or silver that resists arcing
True or false: a multiple or ganged switch is a compound switch (i.e. a series of single switches grouped together) so mounted that all the switches open and close simultaneously
True
True or false: The unison off is like all other couplers
false
What do stop knob and stop tab do in electric action?
They either open slider to the note note channel chest or allow wind to the stop channels. Act as simple switches
Organ chests serve three functions:
- Provide support for the pipework
- Provide space beneath the pipes for air
- Have action to let the player activate certain times
What are the two most common ways of lining up pipes of a chest?
- The V shape, one side C whole tone and the other C sharp
- The A shape, C and C-sharp sides go to the middle
What are the three kinds of chests?
- Note or key channel
- Stop channel
- Universal chest/direct action
What is a pallet box?
The box connected to the wind supply and always containing air
What are pallets? What are they made of? How do they work?
They are rectangular valves made of light wood with leather on top to keep them airtight. They are opened by a wire pulldown to let air into the pipe and are cut shut by a spring.
What are sliders and how do they work?
They are pieces of wood with holes that either block or allow air into the pipes. They usually go left to right.
What are spiderings and how are they useful.
They are shallow grooves in sliders that prevent runs of air from going from one pipe to the other, since sliders cant be airtight.
What is a divided stop?
Stop divded between the bass and treble. Made by having sliders move for only bass or treble.
In the Spanish tradition, the break occurs between…
C and C#
In the English, French, and Italian tradition, the break occurs between…
B and C
What is a spring chest?
Similar to a slider chest. Each toe has a spring pallet that is opened as a stop is pulled. This opens an entire note channel that allows for wind to enter a given note channel.
Briefly discuss the Barker lever
It is an assist to mechanical action that utilizes a pneumatic bellow. As a key is depressed, the pulldown opens a valve that allows air into a bellow that inflates and pulls down on the pallet to the pipe.
What is the Pitman chest? What is its advantage?
It is a chest where air is constantly in the stop channel allowing for instant changes of stops.
Name the two families of organ builders prominent in France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
- Clicquot
- Thierry
Name two of the three prominent organ building families in England in the seventeenth centuries.
- Dallam/Harris
- Smith
How was the pedal division of the North German Organ different from the pedal division of the French Classic organ and also that of Sweelinck’s instrument?
It was much more developed and independent division in Germany than in France. The French organs only had two-three 8’ stops, while the German organs could have upwards of 15 stops. Sweelinck’s had an 8’ trumpet and 2’ nachthorn.
What is Werkprinzip? What divisions would you find and where would they be located.
It is the relationship between all the different divisions of a North German style organ. On larger organs, would find:
-A haptwerk: division in the center of the organ that contained the primary principal horus, flutes, and trumpets.
Ruckpositiv: Behind the player, contains a secondary principal chorus, built in a narrower scale.
Obwerk: based on 8 ft, found inside the case.
Sometimes a brustwerk that is below the Haptwerk can be found.
