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Ornithology > Orders of Birds 2 > Flashcards

Orders of Birds 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What order do cuckoos belong to?

A

Cuculiformes

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2
Q

Describe Cuculiformes

A
  • slender, long-tailed
  • Zygodactyl feet
  • old world brood parasites
  • specialize on caterpillars
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3
Q

What order do Nightjars belong to?

A

Caprimulgiformes

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4
Q

Describe Caprimulgiformes

A
  • nocternal or crepuscular
  • soft, cryptic plumage (brown or gray)
  • often long bristles around bill
  • short, weak legs and feet
  • small bill with wide gape
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5
Q

What order to swifts and hummingbirds belong to?

A

Apodiformes

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6
Q

Describe swifts

A
  • short bill
  • broad gape
  • elongated wings
  • speand nearly all time in flight
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7
Q

Describe hummingbirds

A
  • nectar feeders
  • long bill
  • narrow gape
  • long and extensile tongues
  • found only in New World
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8
Q

What order do Hoatzin belong to?

A

Opisthocomiformes

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9
Q

Describe Opisthocomiformes

A
  • pheasant size
  • swamps and wet forests of South America
  • chick have claws on two wing digits
  • unique digestive system, similar to ruminant
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10
Q

What order are Rails and Cranes part of?

A

Gruifrormes

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11
Q

Describe Gruiformes

A
  • shared palate and skeleton features
  • mostly aquatic
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12
Q

Describe coots and gallinules

A
  • duck-like in shape and habitat
  • coots have lobed toes
  • gallinules have long toes for walking on lily pads
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13
Q

Describe rails

A
  • secretive, marsh-dwelling
  • laterally compressed = “skinny as a rail”
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14
Q

Describe cranes

A
  • large, tall birds with long legs
  • known for gutteral, staccato call that can be heard from a mile away
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15
Q

What order do Shorebirds belong to?

A

Charadriiformes

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16
Q

Three suborders of Charadriiformes

A
  • Charadrii
  • Lari
  • Alcae
17
Q

Describe Charadriiformes

A
  • waterbirds, or derived evolutionarily from waterbirds
  • united by characteristics of the skull, vertebral column, and syrinx.
18
Q

Sandpipers, plovers, and relatives are part of the suborder

A

Charadrii

19
Q

Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers are part of the suborder

A

Lari

20
Q

Puffins, Auks, and Murres are part of the suborder

A

Alacae

21
Q

Order Charadriiformes, Suborder Charadrii characteristics

A
  • Shorebirds
  • slender probing bills with long legs
  • feet not usually webbed
  • hind toe is well developed
  • feedby wading in shallow water or at the edge of water and probing in the mud or sand (longer bills) or plucking items from the surface (shorter bills)
22
Q

Order Charadriiformes, Suborder Lari characteristics

A
  • long-winged
  • short-legged
  • web-footed
  • salt-excreting gland found in orbit of eye
  • hind toe small or lacking
  • gulls have stout, slightly hooked bills
  • terns have slender, sharply pointed bills
23
Q

Order Charadriiformes, Suborder Alcae characteristics

A
  • Stocky marine birds, usually black and white, with webbed feet
    and dense, waterproof plumage.
  • Feet are set far back on the body, giving them a somewhat upright posture such that they resemble penguins.
  • Swim rapidly underwater in pursuit of prey with their
    short, paddlelike wings.
  • Unlike penguins, they can and do fly well.
24
Q

What order do Loons belong to?

A

Graviiformes

25
Q

Describe Gaviiformes

A
  • diving fish eaters
  • spear-shaped bills, streamlined bodies, webbed feet, tarsi laterally compressed
  • legs positioned far back on body (facilitates swimming but makes walking on land difficult)
  • nests are masses of aquatic vegetation built on islands or on shore
  • young ride on parants’ back when small
26
Q

What Order do penguins belong to?

A

Sphenisciformes

27
Q

Describe Sphenisciformes

A
  • Flightless, marine, diving birds found south of the equator.Bones of the wings are flattened and fused to form a flipper.
  • Keel of the sternum is well-developed, since wings are still used, albeit for swimming.
  • Legs are short, feet are set far back on the body, giving an upright posture.
  • Plumage is dense and waterproof.
  • There is a heavy layer of fat underneath the skin
28
Q

What order do Tubenoses, like Albatross, belong to?

A

Procellariiformes

29
Q

Describe Procellariiformes

A
  • Tube-nosed seabirds with hooked bills.
  • Restricted to open ocean; they nest on remote islands.
  • Plumage is dense and waterproof.
  • Feed from the surface of the sea.
  • Glands for concentrating and excreting salt.
  • Have a well-developed sense of smell to find both food and home islands.
  • Most species have long, thin wings that are held stiffly for dynamic soaring.
  • Range in size from the 6-inch Least Storm-Petrel to the Wandering Albatross, which has a wingspan of 12 feet
30
Q

Describe apodiformes

A

small birds, small feet
- very good flyers
- humerus is shortened, while bones in outer portion of wing elongated
- short secondaries, long primaries

Ornithology (12 decks)

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