Chapter 8: Vocalizations

Question 1

Sound consists of ____ ___ that propagate through air.

Answer 1

pressure waves

Question 2

Variations in sounds are due to variations in the ____ and ____ of the sound waves

Answer 2

frequency (pitch) and amplitude (loudness)

Question 3

Vocalizations can be analyzed using ____ and _____

Answer 3

waveforms and sonograms

Question 4

vocalizations used in the context of territoriality or courtship. Usually given by males

Answer 4

song

Question 5

Short and simple vocalizations used in various contexts. Usually given by both males and females. Includes flight calls, distress calls, warning calls, feeding calls, nest calls, and flock calls

Answer 5

call

Question 6

Most birds have between __ and ___ distinct vocalizations, including both calls and songs. Together, they form the vocal repertoire of the bird

Answer 6

5 and 14

Question 7

Some birds, like ____ and some ___, may have hundreds of different songs in their repertoires

Answer 7

mockingbirds and wrens

Question 8

Songs are produced by the ___

Answer 8

syrinx

Question 9

The ___ side of the syrinx is usually larger and produces sound waves with lower frequencies.

Answer 9

left

Question 10

Songs are learned by listening to conspecifics sing. In these species, there is often geographic or regional variation in songs. These are called _____.

Answer 10

dialects

Question 11

About ___ of passerine songbirds worldwide practice vocal mimicry, which is when the songs and calls of other species are incorporated into a bird’s repertoire

Answer 11

20%