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Neuro Exam 3 > Orbit and Eye: Embryology > Flashcards

Orbit and Eye: Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

neural ectoderm

A

evaginations of forebrain neuroectoderm

  • forms optic vesicles
  • invaginate on themselves to form optic cup
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2
Q

optic stalk

A

connection of forebrain to optic cup

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3
Q

choroid fissure

A

ventral surface of optic cup

-carries hyaloid essels

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4
Q

optic cup

A

forms retina - optic nerve

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5
Q

surface ectoderm

A

lens placode - lens vesicle - lens

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6
Q

mesenchyme

A

forms fibrous and vascular layers

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7
Q

outer layer optic cup

A

pigmented layer of retina

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8
Q

inner layer of optic cup

A

all neural layers of retina

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9
Q

nerve fibers from retina

A

migrate through choroid fissure to form CN II

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10
Q

week 7

A

choroid fissure closes

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11
Q

congenital retinal detachment

A

inner and outer layer optic cup fail to fuse

separation of pigmented and neural layers

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12
Q

iris and ciliary body embryo

A

outer - vascular mesenchyme surrounding optic cup

inner - optic cup (no neural)

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13
Q

infants

A

born with blue-gray eyes - lack of melanin

will migrate in first 6-10 months

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14
Q

congenital atresia of pupil

A

iridopupillary membrane degenerates after week 15
-failure of membrane to degenerate

abnormally closed pupil

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15
Q

coloboma

A

failure of choroid fissure to fuse during 7th week development

hole in structure of eye

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16
Q

sclera and cornea embryo

A

from fibrous layers of mesenchyme surrounding optic cup

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17
Q

choroid embryo

A

vascular layer of mesemchyme surrounding optic cup

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18
Q

aqueous and vitreous humors of eye embryo

A

form from cell deah in eyeball

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19
Q

vitreous humor embryo

A

likely from neural crest cells

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20
Q

lens embryo

A

lens vesicle

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21
Q

congenital aphakia

A

agenesis of lens placode

absence of lens in eye

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22
Q

extrinsic eye muscles embryo

A

mesoderm of myotomes

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23
Q

ophthalmic artery

A

from internal carotid artery

-enters optic canal

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24
Q

branches of ophthalmic artery

A 
central retinal artery
short posterior ciliary a
long posterior ciliary a
anterior ciliary aa
lacrimal a
supraorbital a
posterior ethmoidal a
anterior ethmoidal a
medial palpebral a
supratrochlear a
dorsal nasal a
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25
Q

blood to retina

A

central retinal artery

-runs with CN II

26
Q

blood to choroid

A

short posterior ciliary a

27
Q

blood to ciliary body/iris

A

long posterior ciliary a

anterior ciliary arteries

28
Q

venous drainage eyeball

A

central retinal vein - cavernous sinus

vorticose veins - drain choroid, ciliary body, iris

superior/inferior ophthalmic veins - exit superior/inferior orbital fissures > cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus, respectively

29
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

of cavernous sinus

may send clot to central retinal vein
-vision loss

30
Q

increased intracranial pressure

A

meninges and CSF continue along CN II
-may affect eye

optic n, central retinal a, central retinal v - compressed

31
Q

papilledema

A

retinal edema

-occlusion of central retinal vein

32
Q

movements of eye

A 
adduction
abduction
elevation
depression
extortion - lateral rotation
intortion - medial rotation
33
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

eyelid

34
Q

medial rectus

A

common tendinous ring - medial surface eyeball

adduct eye

CN III

35
Q

lateral rectus

A

common tendinous ring - lateral surface of eyeball

abduct eye

CN VI

36
Q

superior rectus

A

common tendinous ring - superior surface eyeball

elevate, adduct, intorsion

CN III

37
Q

inferior rectus

A

common tendinous ring - inferior surface eyeball

depress, adduct, extorsion

CN III

38
Q

inferior oblique

A

anterior portion floor orbit - inferior surface eyeball

elevate, abduct, extorsion

CN III

39
Q

superior oblique

A

common tendinous ring - superior surface eyeball
-passes through trochlea

depress, abduct, intorsion

CN IV

40
Q

oculomotor nerve

A

CN III GSE, GVE-P

parasympathetic to ciliary ganglion

41
Q

diplopia

A

one eye positioned differently

42
Q

oculomotor nerve palsy

A

ptosis or complete closure of eye
-lose levator palpebrae superioris

diplopia - down and out

dilated pupil

loss of accomodation

43
Q

trochlear nerve

A

CN IV GSE

to superior oblique muscle

44
Q

trochlear nerve palsy

A

diplopia - elevated and adducted

loss of depression when eye fully adducted

45
Q

abducens nerve

A

CN VI GSE

to lateral rectus muscle

46
Q

abducent nerve palsy

A

diplopia - loss of abuction

47
Q

optic nerve

A

CN II - SSA vision

covered in meninges

optic nerve fibers are axons of ganglion cell layer of retina which pass through optic disc and exit lamina cribrosa of sclera posterior

48
Q

CN V1

A

ophthalmic nerve
GSA

branches:

  • nasociliary
  • frontal
  • lacrimal
49
Q

nasociliary nerve

A

branch of V1

  • sensory root to ciliary ganglia
  • short ciliary nn
  • long ciliary nn
  • posterior ethmoidal n
  • anterior ethmoidal n
  • infratrochlear n
50
Q

frontal nerve

A

branch of V1

  • supratrochlear n
  • supraorbital n
51
Q

lacrimal nerve

A

branch of V1

  • sensory to lacrimal
  • carry postganglionic PS and S to lacrimal gland
52
Q

ciliary ganglion

A

between lateral rectus and optic nerve
-postganglionic PS cell bodies

sensory - nasociliary nerve
PS - motor root from oculomotor
S - motor root from internal carotid plexus

53
Q

PS to intraocular eye muscles

A

preganglionic - edinger westphal
-fibers with oculomotor nerve

postganglionic - ciliary ganglion
-fibers distrubute short ciliary nerves to sphincter pupillae muscle and ciliary muscle

54
Q

sympathetic to intraocular eye muscles

A

preganglionic - T1-2
-fibers to SCG

postganglionic fibers - internal carotid plexus
-ciliary ganglia without synapse

distribute short and long ciliary nn - dilator pupillae and superior tarsal muscle

55
Q

parasympathetic to lacrimal gland

A

preganglinic - salivatory nucleus

  • fibers with greater petrosal nerve CN VII
  • synapse at pterygopalatine ganglion

postganglionic - zygomatic nerve V2 and lacrimal nerve V1

increase secretions

56
Q

sympathetic lacrimal gland

A

preganglionic - T1-4
-synapse SCG

postganglionic fibers - internal carotid nerve - deep petrosal nerve

greater and deep petrosal nerve merge
-nerve to pterygoid canal

postganglionic distribute zygomatic V2 and lacrimal V1 nn

more watery lacrimal fluid

57
Q

pupillary light reflex

A

afferent - CN II
efferent - CN III (GVE-P) - sphincter pupillae m.

both pupils constrict

  • direct ipsilateral eye light
  • consensual contralateral eye light
58
Q

corneal reflex

A

protect eye from foreign object

afferent - CN V1 - pain sensation
efferent - CN VII - orbicularis oculi

puff air - stimulates CN V1
-both eyes blink - direct and consensual

59
Q

accomodation reflex

A

function - view near objects

afferent CN II
efferent CN III GSE and GVE-P

direct and consensual response

3 events:

  1. ciliary muscles contract - rounding of lens - GVE-P
  2. pupils constrict - GVE-P
  3. eyes adduct - GSE
60
Q

3 events of accomodation

A
  1. ciliary muscles contract - rounding of lens - GVE-P
  2. pupils constrict - GVE-P
  3. eyes adduct - GSE

Neuro Exam 3 (15 decks)

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