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Neuro Exam 3 > Orbit and Eye: Anatomy > Flashcards

Orbit and Eye: Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

medial orbital walls

A

parallel

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2
Q

lateral orbital walls

A

perpendicular

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3
Q

orbital axes

A

long axis through orbit

-45% to one another

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4
Q

optical axes

A

long axit through globe

-parallel to medial walls

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5
Q

bones of orbit

A

frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine, zygomatic

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6
Q

apex of orbit

A

lesser wing of sphenoid around optic canal

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7
Q

base of orbit

A

orbital margin and orbital opening
-frontal, zygomatic, maxilla

margin thickened - protection

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8
Q

roof of orbit

A

frontal bone and some sphenoid

-fossa for lacrimal gland

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9
Q

floor of orbit

A

maxilla bone
zygomatic bone
palatine bone

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10
Q

medial wall of orbit

A

ethmoid bone
lacromal bone
maxilla bone

lacrimal fossa

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11
Q

laterla wall orbit

A

zygomatic

greater wing sphenoid

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12
Q

foramina of orbit

A 
optic canal
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure
anterior ethmoidal foramen
posterior ethmoidal foramen
nasolacrimal canal
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13
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI and superior opthalmic vein

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14
Q

orbital blow out fracture

A

to thin orbital floor
-can involve maxillary sinus

or medial

enophthalmos - movement of fat into spaces

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15
Q

orbital tumors

A

sphenoid/ethmoid sinuses, middle cranial, infratemporal fossa
-erode to orbit

can cause exophthalmos

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16
Q

periorbital fascia

A

lines bones of orbit

continuous with fascia of extraocular eye muscles

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17
Q

check ligaments

A

medial and lateral

attach to medial and lateral orbital walls

limit abduction and adduction**

prevent posterior retraction of eyeball by rectus muscles

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18
Q

fascial sheath of eyeball

A

tenons capsule

  • external to sclera
  • continuous with muscular fascia of extraocular eye muscles
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19
Q

orbital fat

A

cushion, lubricate, protect

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20
Q

starvation

A

enophthalmos
-sunken in eyes

loss of orbital fat

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21
Q

layers of eyelids

A 
skin
loose CT
muscle
tarsal plate - main structural layer, dense CT
palpebral conjunctiva
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22
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

close eye (sphincter of eyelid)

CN VII

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23
Q

levator palpebrae superiorirs

A

open eye

CN III

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24
Q

orbital septum

A

where tarsal plates connect

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25
Q

horners syndrome

A

loss of sympathetic to head
-ptosis - drooping of upper eyelid

loss of levator palpebrae superiorirs

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26
Q

superior tarsal portion of LPS

A

attached to superior tarsal plate

-innervated sympathetically

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27
Q

chalazion

A

meibomian cyst

28
Q

hordeoum

A

cyst of eyelash glands

29
Q

sebaceous glands of eyelids

A

tarsal (meibomian) glands

glands of zeis

30
Q

sweat glands of eyelids

A

glands of moll

31
Q

CN VII impairment

A

eyelid that cannot completely close

-dryness and irritation of cornea and sclera

32
Q

impairment of CN III

A

inability to upper eyelid - loss of LPS

33
Q

close eye

A

orbicularis oculi - CN VII

34
Q

open eye

A

levator palpebrae superioris - CN III

35
Q

conjunctiva

A

palpebral - internal eyelid

bulbar - outer sclera

36
Q

lacrimal appartus

A

gland - production

cananaliculi - drainage

37
Q

drainage of tears

A

lacrimal gland > conjunctival sac > surface of eye > lacrimal papillae with puncta > lacrimal canaliculi > lacrimal sac > nasolacrimal duct

to nasal cavity

38
Q

eyeball tunics

A

fibrous
vascular
neural

39
Q

fibrous tunic

A

sclera and cornea

40
Q

cornea

A

avascular - but heavily innervated

41
Q

corneal neovascularization

A

secondary to hypoxia

42
Q

vascular tunic

A

choroid
iris
ciliary body

43
Q

choroid

A

vascular to fibrous layers and outer retina

also melanin to aborb light

44
Q

iris

A

controls light entering pupil

45
Q

sphincter pupillae

A

circular muscle - miosis (constriction)

-PS innervation - CN III

46
Q

dilator pupillae

A

radial muscle - mydriasis (dilation)

-S innervation

47
Q

ciliary body

A

ciliary processes - secrete aqueous humor

zonule fibers to lens (suspensory ligaments)

48
Q

ciliary muscle

A

PS innervation

CN III

49
Q

accomodation

A

control of lens thickness via suspensory ligaments

50
Q

look at distant object

A

ciliary m relax

  • tension on suspensory ligaments to lens
  • lens flat
51
Q

look at close object

A

ciliary m contract

  • loose suspensory ligaments on lens
  • lens thick
52
Q

PS innervation to ciliary muscle

A

CN III stimulation
lens round to focus near

accommodating

53
Q

dim light

A

sympathetics

-dilate pupil

54
Q

bright light

A

parasympathetics

-constrict pupil

55
Q

miosis

A

pupil constriction

56
Q

mydriasis

A

pupil dilation

57
Q

optic disc

A

blind spot

-entry of optic nerve CN II

58
Q

fovea

A

greatest visual acuity

59
Q

retinal detachment

A

pigmented epithelium separates from rods and cones layer

-loss of metabolic support - blindness

60
Q

cataracts

A

proteins of lens aggregate

61
Q

ora serrata

A

anterior termination of retina

62
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of eyeballs

-hyperthyroid and orbital tumors

63
Q

enophthalmos

A

retraction of eyeball

-starvation

64
Q

glaucoma

A

increased aqueous humor

-increased IOP - can lead to blindness

65
Q

drainage of aqueous humor

A

anterior chamber > trabecular meshwork > canal of schlemm

66
Q

production of aqueous humor

A

ciliary body***

Neuro Exam 3 (15 decks)

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