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Neuro Exam 3 > Ear Anatomy and Embryology > Flashcards

Ear Anatomy and Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

auricle

A

pinna
-external ear

helix, tragus, antihelix

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2
Q

nerve to pinna

A

greater auricular C2,3
lesser occipital C2,3
auriculotemporal V3, facial, vagus

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3
Q

lymph to pinna

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

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4
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

stratified squamous epithelium
-numerous ceruminous glands

lateral 1/3 cartilage - short in kids
medial 2/3 bony

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5
Q

blood supply external ear

A

posterior auricular a and v

superficial temporal a and v

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6
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of external ear

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7
Q

tympanic membrane

A

exterior - epidermis

interior - mucus membrane

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8
Q

umbo

A

concavity tympanic membrane

-from malleus

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9
Q

pars flaccida

A

superior - thin walled tympanic membrane

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10
Q

pars tensa

A

inferior - thick walled tympanic membrane

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11
Q

blood supply tympanic membrane

A

external - deep auricular
internal - anterior tympanic

both from maxillary a

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12
Q

innervation tympanic membrane

A

internal - glossopharyngeal - GVA tympanic branch

external - auriculotemporal V3 GSA majority / vagus minority

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13
Q

auricle embryo

A

first and second arches

  • 6 auricular hillocks (3 each) fuse
  • defects common with chromosome syndromes**
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14
Q

external auditory meatus embryo

A

first cleft
-meatal plug forms - 7th month degenerates

persistance - deafness - can be surgically removed

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15
Q

tympanic membrane embryo

A

external - ectoderm of first cleft
middle CT - mesoderm of first arch
internal - endoderm of first pouch

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16
Q

middle ear

A

tympanic cavity - mucus lined

within petrous portion of temporal bone

also contains auditory ossicles

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17
Q

roof tympanic cavity

A

tegmen tympani

separates epitympanic recess from middle cranial fossa

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18
Q

floor tympanic cavity

A

segment of temporal bone

separate from internal jugular vein**

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19
Q

lateral wall tympanic cavity

A

tympanic membrane

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20
Q

medial wall tympanic cavity

A

bony wall separating middle from internal ear

promontory - cochlea
oval window - contact stapes - transmits motion
round window - opens to scala tympani - pressure release

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21
Q

round window

A

opens to scala tympani

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22
Q

oval window

A

contacts stapes

transmits motion to inner ear

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23
Q

posterior wall tympanic cavity

A

temporal bone

  • aditus ad andrum
  • facial canal
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24
Q

mastoiditis

A

middle ear infection - spread to mastoid air cells

via aditus ad antrum**

then spread to middle cranial fossa

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25
Q

anterior wall tympanic cavity

A

temporal bone
-separate middle ear from carotid canal

opening for pharyngotympanic tube and semicanal

26
Q

semicanal

A

passage of tensor tympani

anterior wall tympanic cavity

27
Q

pharyngotympanic tube

A

auditory tube

balances pressure on external and internal sides of tympanic membrane

posterolateral 1/3 bony
anteriomedial 2/3 cartilage

28
Q

tensor veli palatini

A

opens the membranous tube (CN V3)

29
Q

malleus

A

contacts tympanic membrane

-creates umbo

30
Q

incus

A

body - malleus

long limb - stapes

31
Q

stapes

A

contact oval window

32
Q

stapedius

A

contract in response to loud noise**

posterior wall tympanic cavity to stapes

dampens movement of ossicles

33
Q

nerve to stapedius

A

facial CN VII SVE

34
Q

tensor tympani

A

contract when chewing or speaning

cartilage of auditory tube to malleus

dampen movement of ossicles

35
Q

nerve to tensor tympani

A

trigeminal V3 SVE

36
Q

paralysis of middle ear muscles

A

hyperacusis - excessive hearing acuteness

due to loss of dampening

37
Q

blood supply to middle ear

A

inferior tympanic a - ascending pharyngeal
anterior tympanic a - maxillary
posterior tympanic a - stylomastoid
superior tympanic a - middle meningeal

venous drainage - pterygoid plexus

38
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

GVA and GVE-P to middle ear and part of auditory tube

tympanic branch- enters via tympanic canaliculus
-forms tympanic plexus

lesser petrosal nerve reforms from plexus
-exits hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve GVE-P

PS to parotid

39
Q

CN VII

A

SVE to stapedius

enters internal acoustic meatus

chorda tympani give off before CN VII exits stylomastoid

chorda tympani exits petrotympanic fissure

40
Q

chorda tympani

A

SVA to anterior 2/3 tongue (taste)

GVE-P to SL/SM glands

41
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear

-due to spread of infection from pharynx via auditory tube

42
Q

facial nerve branches

A

nerve to stapedius - SVE
greater petrosal nerve - GVE-P to PPG
chorda tympani - GVE-P, SVA - taste and PS

43
Q

middle ear embryo - first pouch

A

tympanic cavity and auditory tube

44
Q

middle ear embryo - first arch

A

malleus, incus, tensor tympani muscle

45
Q

middle ear embryo - second arch

A

stapes, stapedius muscle

46
Q

S RULE

A

Second arch
Stapes
Stapedius muscle

47
Q

congenital fixation of stapes

A

deafness

48
Q

inner ear

A

petrous portion of temporal bone

-vestibulocochlear organ

49
Q

modiolus

A

bony core around which cochlea spirals

50
Q

osseous spiral lamina

A

anchors cochlear duct to modiolus

51
Q

vestibule

A

contains utricle and saccule

52
Q

bony labyrinth

A

has perilymph

53
Q

membranous labyrinth

A

has endolymph

all innervated by CN VIII

54
Q

endolymphatic duct

A

maintains volume and composition of endolymphatic fluid

55
Q

utricle

A

horizontal acceleration

56
Q

saccule

A

vertical acceleration

57
Q

cochlear duct

A

organ of hearing

  • vestibular membrane - roof
  • basilar membrane - floor
  • organ of corti - hair cells plus tectorial membrane
58
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear
-passes through internal acoustic meatus to enter inner ear

vestibular portion - semicircular canals, utricle, saccule
-proprioception

cochlear portion - cochlear duct
-sound

59
Q

inner ear embryo - membranous labyrinth

A

otic placode (ectoderm) - otic pit - otic vesicle

60
Q

inner ear embryo - bony labyrinth

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea

-surrounding mesenchyme

Neuro Exam 3 (15 decks)

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