Larynx Flashcards
locaiton of larynx
anterior to CV3-6
laryngeal auditus
superior opening of pharynx
vestibule
area proximal (above) vestibular folds
vestibular folds
false folds
superior
rima vestibuli
area between vestibular folds
ventricle
between vestibular and vocal folds
true vocal folds
mobile - produce speech
-inferior
rima glottidis
opening between true vocal folds
changes in voice pitches
variation in tension/length of vocal folds and width of rima glottidis
glottis
rima glottidis plus vocal folds
infraglottic cavity
below true vocal folds
cricoid cartilage
CV6
carotid artery compression
cricoid CV6
junction of larynx and trachea and pharynx and esophagus
cricoid CV6
tracheotomy
airway obstruction
between cricoid and first tracheal cartilage
or between cricoid and thyroid
-cricothyroid ligament
laryngeal cartilages
thyroid cricoid arytenoid x2 epiglottic corniculate x2 cuneiform x2
thyroid cartilage
CV4-5
2 lamina fuse anteriorly and remain open posteriorly
cricoid cartilage
fixed
CV6
anterior arch and posterior lamina
artyenoid cartilage
2x
most mobule
top of posterior cricoid
vocal process - vocal ligament
muscle process - lateral cricoartyenoid muscles
epiglottic cartilage
swallowing - muscles of pharynx pull thyroid cartilage up**
ligaments of epiglottic cartilage
thyroepiglottic
hyoepiglottic
aryepiglottic
glossoepiglottic
corniculate cartilage
2x
atop apex of artyenoid cartilage
cuneiform cartilage
within aryepiglottic folds
extrinsic ligaments
to outside structure
-keep it in place
thyrohyoid
cricotracheal
hyoepiglottic
glossoepiglottic
how many laryngeal cartilages
9
name them
thyrohyoid membrane
extrinsic ligament
pierced by internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery
intrinsic ligaments
quadrangular ligament
cricovocal ligament
convert larynx to tube
quadrangular ligament
anterior to epiglottic and thyroid
posterior to arytenoid
more superior
forms vestibular ligaments and aryepiglottic ligaments
-covered with mucosa
cricovocal ligament
aka conus elasticus
cricoid to thyroid and artyenoid
inferior
thickened:
- median cricothyroid
- lateral cricothyroid
- vocal ligament
cuneiform and corniculate
help maintain inlet
false vocal cord
quadrangular
true vocal cord
cricovocal ligament
vocal folds
from mucosa overlying vocal ligament and vocalis muscle
laryngeal ventricle
between vestibular and vocal folds
-area of weakness
joints of larynx
cricothyroid and cricoarthenoid joints
cricothyroid ligament
cricoid - to inferior horn thyroid
-synovial gliding
thyroid moves on cricoid
change vocal cord length
cricoarythenoid joint
cricoid - to arytenoid
-synovial gliding and rotate
-arytenoid rotation, glide one another
when we speak
vocal folds adduct
motion of laryngeal cartilages
rotation arytenoid
-abduct/adduct
gliding close rima glottitis
-adduct
rotating thyroid
-increase/decrease tension vocal ligaments
cricothyroid
unique because its from arch 4**
all others arch 6
innervation changes
action of cricothyroid
tilt thyroid forward to elongate and tighten vocal ligaments
action of transverse and oblique artyenoid muscles
adduct cartilages
-close laryngeal inlet
innervation of cricothyroid
external laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
-only one not innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve
innervation of most larynx
recurrent laryngeal nerve
action of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
abduct vocal fold
-open rima glottidis
action of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
adduct vocal fold
-close rima glottidis
action of thyroarytenoid muscle
rotates thyroid cartilage back to shorten and loosen vocal ligament
opposition to cricothyroid
action of vocalis muscle
local control of vocal ligament
-minute adjustments
innermost portion of thyroarytenoid muscle
internal laryngeal nerve
pierces thyrohyoid membrane
- GVE-P and GVA proximal to true vocal folds
- SVA to epiglottic region (taste)
cough reflex
superior laryngeal nerve stimulation - GVA
causes conraction of laryngeal muscles
vagus - stimulates cough to force air out
cough afferent and efferent
afferent CN X
efferent CN X
superior laryngeal nerve lesion
loss of cough reflex
cricothyroid m paralysis - monotonous voice
heimlich maneuver
increase intrathoracic pressure
dislodge object
superior laryngeal nerve block
with endotracheal tube
- between hyoid and superior border of thyroid
- pierces thyrohyoid membrane and anesthetic to superior laryngeal nerve
external laryngeal nerve
SVE to cricothyroid muscle
superior laryngeal nerve
CN X
internal laryngeal nerve
external laryngeal nerve
inferior laryngeal nerve
CN X
continuation of recurrent
-passes inferior to inferior constrictor muscle
GVE-P and VGA distal to vocal folds
SVE to all muscles of larynx, except cricothyroid
infraglottic region innervation
inferior laryngeal nerve
supraglottic region innervation
internal laryngeal nerve from superior laryngeal nerve
muscles of larynx innervation**
inferior laryngeal nerve
except cricothyroid - external laryngeal nerve from superior laryngeal nerve**
injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve
bilateral - take away voice
unilateral - hoarse voice
blood supply above vocal folds
superior laryngeal artery
superior laryngeal artery
branch of laryngeal artery
-pierces thyrohyoid membrane
blood supply below vocal folds
inferior laryngeal nerve
inferior laryngeal artery
branch of inferior thyroid artery
cricothyroid artery
to cricothyroid muscle
-branch of superior thyroid artery
lymph drainage
supraglottic - superior deep cervical lymph nodes
infraglottic - inferior deep cervical lymph nodes
