Orbit and eye

Question 1

What makes up the roof, lateral and medial walls, and the floor of the orbit?

Answer 1

orbital plate of frontal bone (roof)
Zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid (lateral wall)
Frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of the ethmoid, and body of sphenoid. (medial wall)
orbital plate of maxilla (floor)

Question 2

If you see palpebral you should think?

Answer 2

Eyelid

Question 3

What does the eyelid do?

Answer 3

protects the eye from injury and excessive light

Question 4

Which eyelid is larger?

Answer 4

Upper eyelid is larger and more mobile

Question 5

Both eyelids meet each other at the _____ and _____ angles.

Answer 5

medial and lateral

Question 6

The ____________ is the opening between the eyelids and the entrance into the conjunctival sac.

Answer 6

Palpebral fissure

Question 7

______ glands secrete oily substance which prevents the overflow of tears.

Answer 7

Tarsal

Question 8

The _______ is a thin mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected at the superior and inferior fornices onto the anterior surface of the eyeball.

Answer 8

conjunctiva

Question 9

The _______ gland consists of a large orbital part and a small palpebral part, which are continuous with each other.

Answer 9

lacrimal

Question 10

What type of innervation is the lacrimal apparatus?

Answer 10

(PREGANGLIONIC) parasympathetic via lacrimal nucleus of facial nerve
and sympathetic (T1-L2) (POSTGANGLIONIC) via carotid plexus, synapse in ganglia

Question 11

What do postganglionic sympathetic fibers of lacrimal apparatus do?

Answer 11

hitch hike on nerves (petrosal, pterygoid canal, zygomatic) and ultimately go to lacrimal gland

Question 12

The tears circulate across the cornea and accumulate in the __________ (lake of the tears).

Answer 12

lacus lacrimalis

Question 13

Lacrimal duct descends downward in a bony canal and opens in the _____ _____ of the nose.

Answer 13

Inferior meatus

Question 14

Optic nerve passes through what canal to enter orbit?

Answer 14

optic canal

Question 15

Optic nerve is accompanied by what artery?

Answer 15

Ophthalmic artery

Question 16

Optic nerve is covered by its own _______.

Answer 16

Meninges, has its own dura, arachnoid (sub arachnoid), and pia mater.

Question 17

Since sub arachnoid space has its own sub arachnoid space it also has what? which does what clinically to the optic disc?

Answer 17

cerebrospinal fluid, if you push on it (or any rise in pressure) is transmitted to the optic disc (cool! like what we saw in methods)

Question 18

What nerve passes forward along the upper border of the lateral rectus muscle?

Answer 18

lacrimal nerve

Question 19

What nerve enters the orbit through the lower part of the superior orbital fissure.

Answer 19

Oculomotor nerve

Question 20

What are the two divisions of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 20

superior and inferior branch

Question 21

The _________ supplies the superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles.

Answer 21

superior branch

Question 22

The _________ supplies the inferior rectus, the medial rectus, and the inferior oblique muscles

Answer 22

inferior branch

Question 23

What 2 nerves enters the orbit via the upper part of the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 23

Trochlear and abducens (lateral rectus, abduct)

Question 24

What nerve crosses above the optic nerve, runs forward along the upper margin of medial rectus, and ends by dividing into the anterior ethmoidal and infratrochlear nerves.

Answer 24

Nasociliary nerve

Question 25

What is the branch of the nasociliary nerve?

Answer 25

communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion (contains sensory fibers)

Question 26

What nerve supplies the ethmoidal and sphenoidal air sinuses?

Answer 26

Posterior ethmoidal

Question 27

What nerve passes forward below the pulley of the superior oblique muscle and supplies the medial part of the upper eyelid and the adjacent part of the nose.

Answer 27

Infratrochlear (trochlear means pulley) so below pulley

Question 28

What nerve passes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen and enters anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 28

anterior ethmoidal nerve

Question 29

The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the __________.

Answer 29

Internal carotid artery

Question 30

The ________________ runs within the optic nerve and enters the eyeball at the center of the optic disc.

Answer 30

central artery of the retina.

Question 31

The superior ophthalmic vein has a connection with what?

Answer 31

cavernous sinus (IMPORTANT)

Question 32

The inferior ophthalmic vein has a connection with what?

Answer 32

pterygoid venous plexus (IMPORTANT)

Question 33

The ciliary ganglion is a _________ (innervation) ganglion about the size of a pinhead.

Answer 33

prasympathetic

Question 34

What ganglion is important for lacrimal gland?

Answer 34

pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 35

What kind of innervation is in the eye?

Answer 35

Autonomic innervation:
- postsynaptic sympathetic fibers
-presynaptic parasympathetic fibers
-postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers
General Sensory fibers

Question 36

What innervation dialates the pupil?

Answer 36

Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers

Question 37

What muscle is also innervated by sympathetic fibers that gives you the deer in headlights look?

Answer 37

Levator palpebrae superioris

Question 38

What innervation constricts the eye?

Answer 38

parasympathetic fibers

Question 39

Center of the cornea and center of pupil is used as the antomic what?

Answer 39

anterior pole

Question 40

Rotation of eye upward?

Answer 40

Elevation

Question 41

Rotation of eye downward?

Answer 41

Depression

Question 42

Rotation of eye laterally?

Answer 42

Abduction

Question 43

Rotation of eye medially?

Answer 43

Adduction