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Neuroscience I Exam 2 > Orbit > Flashcards

Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 bones that make up the Orbital osteology?

A 
Frontal
Ethmoid
Shpenoid
Zygomatic
Lacrimal 
Maxillay
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2
Q

What two structure exit via the Optic canal?

A

CN 2

Ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

What exits the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A 
CN3
CN$
CN5(V1)
CN6
Superior Ophthalmic vein
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4
Q

What structures exit the Inferior Orbital Fissure?

A

CN5 (V2): infraorbital n. and zygomatic n.

Inferior Ophthalmic v.

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5
Q

Describe the relationships of the sinuses to the orbit?

A 
Frontal sinus (most superior)
Ethmoid sinus and Sphenoid Sinus (medial side)
Maxillary Sinus (below the orbit)
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6
Q

A ______ fracture is a horizontal maxillary fracture separating the teeth from the upper face?

A

Le forte I

fracture line passes through the alveolar ridge, lateral nose and inferior wall of maxillary sinus

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7
Q

A _______ fracture is a pyramidal fracture with the teeth at the pyramid base, and nasofrontal suture at its apex?

A

Le Forte II
Fracture arch passes through posterior alveolar ridge, lateral wall of maxillary sinuses, inferior orbital rim and nasal bones.

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8
Q

A _______ fracture is a craniofacial disjunction.

A

Le Forte III

fracture line passes through nasofrontal suture, maxillo-frontal suture, orbital wall and zygomatic arch.

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9
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A
  1. outer protective
  2. middle: vascular
  3. Inner: sensory
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10
Q

______ and ______ are apart of the out protective layer of the eye?

A

sclera and cornea

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11
Q

Describe the middle vascular layer of the eye?

A

The choroid lays next to the cornea and swells turning into the ciliary body, which then extends into the iris.

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12
Q

What is the inner sensory layer comprised of?

A

Neural layer

pigmented layer

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13
Q

T/F the optic nerve retains all of the meningeal layer?

A

True
covered by meningeal dura, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater
Papilledema: increase in intracranial pressure will increase the pressure in the subarachnoid space, thus sqeezing the optic nerve

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14
Q

Describe the part of tear drainage?

A 
Lacrimal gland
Puncta
Lacrimal canals 
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Posterior nasal meatus
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15
Q

What happens if the puncta is blocked?

A

dry eyes and blurred vision

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16
Q

Describe the Parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?

A

Super Salivatory Nucleus send preganglionic fiber to the Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) via the CNVIII, Greater superfical Petrosal N. and Vidian N.

Postganglionic fibers from the SPG innervate lacrimal gland travel via V2 and lacrimal N.

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17
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland.

A

Supplied by the Superior Cervical ganglion
gives rise to Deep petrosal n. and GSPN which fuse and become the Vidian N>
Post-ganglionic Fibers also travel through SPG but do not synapse

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18
Q

What are the layers of the eye?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Orbicularis Oculi
  3. Fat
  4. Orbital Septum: fascia
  5. levator Palpebrae Superioris
  6. Conjunctiva: continuation of sclera
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19
Q

What is the innervation, function and clinical sig. of Orbicularis Oculi m. (palpebral portion)?

A

innervation: CN VII
Function: close the eyelids and drain tears
Clinically: Bell’s palsy: facial paralysis
Corneal Reflex ( in w/ 5, out w/ 7)

20
Q

______ and ______ are muscles of the eyelid?

A

Levator Palepbrae Superioris M (CN 3)

Tarsus Smooth m. (Muller’s): Innervated by sympathetics

21
Q

What is the innervation, function and clinical sig. of levator Palpebrae Superioris m. ?

A

inserts into the palpebral fascia and skin of the upper lib
innervated by the GSE fibers to III n.
destruction of the III n. or one of its branches to this muscle results in paralysis of the LPS and complete ptosis

22
Q

What is the innervation, function and clinical sig. of tarsal m.?

A

smooth muscle inserts on the tarsal plate of the upper lib Innervated: postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Horner’s syndrome: slight ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis and flushing of the skin on the face may also be present

23
Q

What are the 6 extraocular muscles?

A 
Superior rectus 
Medial rectus
Inferior rectus 
Lateral rectus
Inferior Oblique 
Superior Oblique
24
Q

The lateral Rectus is innervated by ______ and its function is ________.

A

CN 6

abduct eye

25
Q

The Medial Rectus is innervated by ______ and its function is ________.

A

CN 3

Adduct eye

26
Q

The Inferior oblique is innervated by ______ and its function is ________.

A

CN 3

Adduct and elevate eye

27
Q

The superior oblique is innervated by ______ and its function is ________.

A

CN 4

Adduct and depress

28
Q

The Superior Rectus is innervated by ______ and its function is ________.

A

CN3

Abduct and elevate

29
Q

The Inferior Rectus is innervated by ______ and its function is ________.

A

CN3

Abduct and depress

30
Q

Describe the vision pathway.

A

optic n., optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, brachium of superior colliculus, superior colliculus

31
Q

Relationships of the Optic nerve.

A

diencephalon
Optic canal w/ ophthalmic a.
Pituitary relationship

32
Q

The _______ nerve divides the cerebellar arterial supply from the Cerebral Arterial Supply?

A

Oculomotor nerve

posterior cerebral a. from superior cerebellar

33
Q

_____ nerve arise from the posterior side of the brain stem and innervates the superior oblique m. ?

A

Trochlear nerve

34
Q

What are the branches off the V1 (ophthalmic n.)

A 
Nasociliary
Frontal
  supratrochlear
  supraorbital 
Lacrimal
35
Q

______ innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abducens nerve

abducts the eye

36
Q

Describe the Corneal (blink) reflex.

A

Stimulus: lightly touching the cornea
receptors: naked nerve endings
afferent: Nasociliary nerve (long ciliary n.)
sensory nucleus: descending nucleus of V
motor nucleus: facial nucleus
Efferent Fibers: facial nerve
Effector: orbicularis oculi muscles
Respons blinking (both direct and consensual)

37
Q

_______ innervation to the pupil causes miosis?

A

Constriction
Parasympathetic
EWN to CN3 to ciliary ganglion to short ciliary n. to sphincter pupillae and ciliary m.

38
Q

________ innervation to the pupil causes mydriasis?

A

Dilation
sympathetic
pre-ganglion fibers to SCG to post-ganglionic fibers to ICA and ophthalmic artery plexus thru the ciliary ganglion and short ciliary n. to dilator papillae and superior tarsal m. (mueller’s m.)

39
Q

Describe accommodation

A

Far to near vision
ciliary body contains sm. muscle
relaxed; pulls on zonular fibers, flattening the lens for far objects
contracted: relax zonular fibers allowing the lens to round up and see near vision

40
Q

Triad for Near Vision?

A
  1. miosis
  2. thickening of lens
  3. Convergency of Gaze

cortically-mediated response

41
Q

What are the cause and clinical manifestations of Argyll Robertson Pupil?

A

Cause: neuro-syphilis
Clinical Manifestations:
1. accommodating
2. unreactive to light

aka prostitute sign
issues with the pretectum or posterior commensure

42
Q

What are the cause and clinical manifestations of Holmes-aide pupil (tonic pupil)?

A

Cause: inflammation residual from infectious process
Clinical manifestation:
1. slow reacting pupil to light
2. normal accommodation

damage to ciliary ganglion

43
Q

What are the branches off of the ophthalmic a from the ICA? (7)

A 
central retinal artery
short and long posterior ciliary a. (ciliary body, iris choroid)
lacrimal a.
ethmoidal a. (posterior and anterior) 
supratrochlear a.
supraorbital a. 
dorsal nasal a.
44
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the orbit.

A

Orbital Venous drainage from the superior ophthalmic v and inferior ophthalmic v. and central retinal v. enter into the cavernous sinus then eventually enter the IJV

45
Q

What is within the cavernous sinus?

A

lateral structures: CN3, 4, V1, and V2
Medial Structures: ICA and CN6
Central: pituitary gland
Superior: Optic Chiasm

Neuroscience I Exam 2 (8 decks)

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