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Neuroscience I Exam 2 > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What two structures make up the external ear?

A

Auricle( pinna) and external auditory meatus

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2
Q

Describe the middle ear.

A

The tympanic cavity- a small-hour glass shaped cavity embedded in the petrous temporal bone
Roof: tegmen tympani
Contains 3 ossicles for sound transmission

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3
Q

Describe the internal ear.

A

Forms a series of interconnected fluid-filled membranous tubes (ducts) and sacs, which are suspended in corresponding bony canals and cavities of the petrous temporal bone

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4
Q

Sound vibration are conveyed to the inner ear via ______ and the _______?

A

Ossicles and fenestra vestibuli

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5
Q

Air transmission are preformed by the __________?

A

External auditory meatus

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6
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms that protect the inner ear from trauma?

A
  1. Pound sounds cause the footplate of the stapes to rock side-to-side rather than depress directly into the fenestra vestibuli
  2. Continuous loud sound causes the contraction of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles and attenuation of vibrations
  3. The cochlear pathway in the CNS is capable of filtering, focusing, and attenuating sound
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7
Q

The pinna is innervated by _________?

A 
Auriculotemporal (V3): GSA fibers
Lesser Occipital (C2-3)
Greater auricular (C2-3)
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8
Q

Blood supply to the auricle is via _________ and ________?

A

Superficial temporal a.

Posterior auricular a.

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9
Q

Trauma to the pinna may cause hemorrhaging in the _________ tissue resulting in an _________ hematoma?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

Auricular hematoma

If not evacuated and bandaged the subsequent scar tissue may grossly deform the auricle, cauliflower ear

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10
Q

The external auditory meatus end as it bind to __________?

A

Tympanic membrane

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11
Q

The skin lining the out 1/3 of the external auditory meatus contains __________ and ________ glands which secrete _______?

A

Sebaceous and ceruminous glands which secrete cerumen

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12
Q

What problems may occur when removing cerumen?

A

The cerumen may be firmly adherent to the epithelia of the EAM and/or tympanic membrane and ossicles, thus causal removal of a mass of ear wax may avulse the TM/ and/or ossicles

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13
Q

Describe the position of the tympanic Membrane at the medial end of the EAM.

A

Circular drum-like disk that is tilted forward, and lateral and downward in the canal

Divides the external from the middle ear

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14
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Tympanic Membrane?

A

Outer epidermis or skin
Middle fibrous layer
Inner mucous membrane

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15
Q

What is the outer epidermis or skin layer of the TM innervated by?

A

GSA of the trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

The middle fibrous layer form the __________?

A

Pars tensa

The absence of this layer in the anterior-superior quadrant of the TM forms the pars flaccida

17
Q

The inner mucous membrane is innervated by __________?

A

GVA fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve via the the tympanic plexus

18
Q

The center also concavity of the tympanic membrane is called the ______?

A

Umbo

19
Q

The ______ and ________ ________ Folds are v-shaped folds formed by the inner mucous membrane on the borders of the pars flaccida?

A

Anterior and posterior mallear folds

The chorda tympani nerve course through theses folds

20
Q

Describe the path of the Facial nerve.

A

After leaving the brainstem, VII travels laterally in the IAM before entering the fanciful canal.. Within the canal, the geniculate ganglion is located just above and medial to the promontory of the middle ear cavity

At the level of the ganglion, the nerve turns sharply posteriorly as it forms the external genu

Then courses downward, sends a branch to the stapedius muscle, and exits the stylomastoid foreman

21
Q

What are the 3 ossicle?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

22
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Is ossification or scarring of the small ossicular joints that prevent the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the fenestra vestibuli

Hearing impairment
Clinically: tests for bone conduction are normal, but nerve conduction is reduced

23
Q

What are the muscles of the middle ear cavity?

A

Tensor Tympani muscle

Stapedius muscle

24
Q

What is the function and what innervates the tensor tympani m.?

A

Function: tightens the TM and attenuated its vibrations
Innervation: mandibular n of V

25
Q

What is the function and innervation of the Stapedius m.?

A

Function: pulls stapes out of the fenestra vestibuli, protective mechanism to prevent excessive movement of the stapes due to loud sounds

Innervation: facial nerve

26
Q

What is the blood supply to the middle ear?

A

Stylomastoid branch of the posterior auricular a and the anterior tympanic a.

27
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the middle ear?

A

Epithelial (mucosal lining) of the middle ear is innnervated by GVA sensory branches of the IX via the tympanic plexus

28
Q

What is the function of the internal ear?

A

Functions of the inner ear:
Cochlear receptor for hearing
Receptors in the semicircular ducts: detect angular acceleration
REceptors in the sacculus and utricle: detect linear acceleration

29
Q

What are the receptors of the inner ear innervated by?

A

Divisions of VIII
Cochlear division: organ of Corti(spiral organ) and coveys auditory input
Vestibular division: macular utricle and saccule, and the crystal ampullaris of the semicircular ducts and conveys static and dynamic position-sense information for equilibrium

30
Q

What is the blood supply for the inner ear?

A

Labyrinthine artery, a branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Arteriosclerosis of the labyrnthine artery may result in vertigo, nausea and other inner ear abnormalities

31
Q

Describe the Cochlea

A

Cochlea is a helical-shaped bone tube in a shape to the shell of a snail t

The basal turn of the cochlea forms an eminence in the middle ear cavity called the promontory

32
Q

The bony core of the cochlea is referred to as the __________, and ________ nerve passes through it.

A

Modiolus

Cochlear division of VIII

33
Q

The ________ _____ projects from the modiolus like the threads of a screw.

A

Spiral lamina

The cochlear duct is attached to the spiral lamina

34
Q

_______ communicate with each other at the helicotrema?

A

Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani

Scala vestibuli extends from the vestibuli to the helicotrema and is separated from the cochlear duct by the vestibular membrane

Scala tympani extends from the helicotrema to the 2nd tympanic membrane (round window)

35
Q

_________ is anchored along the length of the bony cochlea at the spiral lamina and spiral ligament

A

Cochlear duct

36
Q

The walls of the cochlear duct are formed by the _____ and ________ membranes

A

Basilar and vestibular membranes, which separates the duct from the scalar tympani and vestibuli respectively

37
Q

The cochlear duct contains the _____ __ _____?

A

Organ of Corti which is located along the entire length of the basilar membrane

The spiral organ contains the receptors for hearing

38
Q

What are the tiny blood vessels in the area of the spiral ligament which supply the organ of Corti?

A

Stria vascularis

Prolonged exposure to excessive amounts of noise and/or music may lead to the partial destruction of the organ of Corti
Ischemic necrosis may be one the the mechanisms

Neuroscience I Exam 2 (8 decks)

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