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Neuroscience I Exam 2 > Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

_____ _____ extends from the lateral corner of the nose to the angle of the mouth

A

nasolabial sulcus

clinically, a unilateral diminution or absence of the sulcus may indicate a neurological disorder

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2
Q

______ is a shallow, midline sulcus b/w the nose and the upper lib

A

Philtrum

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3
Q

___ _____ is the red portion of the lips and is due to the thin epithelium and extensive underlying capillary network

A

Red margin

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4
Q

upper and lower ___ _____ are midline folds of mucosa which extend b/w the inside of the lips to the gingivae

A

labial frenulae

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5
Q

What lymph nodes do the lips drain?

A

drain directly into the submental and submandubular (pericervical) lymph nodes, then into the deep cervical nodes

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6
Q

The skin of the cheek is ______ __ ______ epithelium and is innervate by the __________ nerve.

A

keratinized stratified squamous

buccinator nerve V (long buccal nerve)

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7
Q

Describe the buccal fat pad

A

the buccal fat pad is compartmentalized and encapsulated

in infants it provide leverage for sucking

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8
Q

Immediately deep to the buccal fat pad is the _________ muscle

A

buccinator

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9
Q

What pierces the buccinator muscle?

A

the parotid duct

the orifice of the parotid duct is located on the inner cheek opposite the crown of the 2nd upper molar

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10
Q

what innervates the buccinator muscle?

A

facial nerve

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11
Q

Describe the relationships of the sublingual region.

A

lingual n. spirals around the submandibular duct from superior-lateral to inferior-medial
the hypoglossal n. enters this region considerably more posterior and deeper and is adherent to the hypoglossus m.

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12
Q

Where does the submandibular gland drain?

A

The sublingual caruncle or papilla located at the antero-medial end of the sublingual fold

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13
Q

What is the position of the sublingual salivary gland?

A

flattened between the mandible and genioglossus/ geniohyoid m in the floor of the mouth and rest upon the superior surface of the mylohyoid
the submandibular duct crosses the medial side of the gland

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14
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation to the Sublingual gland.

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus exits the brainstem w/ Facial n. travel through the chorda tympani and join lingual then enter submandibular ganglion

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are short branches to the submandibular gland

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15
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation to the Sublingual gland.

A

Postganglion sympathetic fiber originate in the SCG then enter the external carotid plexus to the facial plexus then enter the sublingual plexus which course in the adventitia of the sublingual branch of the lingual artery.

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16
Q

The epithelium on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is innervate by the ______ and _____ nerves

A 
trigeminal nerve (GSA fibers for pain, temperature, and touch) 
facial nerve (SVA taste fibers)
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17
Q

The epithelium on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is innervated by the _______ nerve.

A

glossopharyngeal nerve, which supplies both GSA and SVA fibers

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18
Q

The intrinsic muscle of the tongue are derived from head myotomes and are innervated by ___ fiber from the _______ nerve.

A

GSE, hypoglossal nerve

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19
Q

_________ ________ divides the tongue into the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3.

A

sulcus terminalis

the division reflects the different embryological origins of the tongue from the floor of the primitive pharynx

20
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the tongue?

A

hyoglossus muscle arises from the hyoid; retracts tongue
styloglossus muscle arises from the styloid process; retracts and elevate the tongue
genioglossus muscle arises from teh genial tubercle; protrudes tongue
Palatoglossus muscle arise from the posterolateral hard palate and is innervated by the vagus nerve via the pharyyngeal plexus

21
Q

Describe paralysis of the tongue.

A

unilateral hypoglossal palsy results in paralysis, atrophy and fasciculations of the intrinsic muscle of the tongue.

when protruded, the normal genioglossus deviated the tongue towards the affected side. bilateral paralysis may cause airway obstruction (dyspnea), dysarthria and dysphagia

22
Q

Where do the lymphatic of the tongue drain?

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

jugulo-digastric and juguloomohyoid

23
Q

Muscles of the Palate

A

Tensor Veli Palatini muscle: innervated by a small branch of the mandibular n (V). the tensor palati tenses the soft palate and opens the auditory tube
Levator Veli Palatini muscle: located inferior to the auditory tube on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, innervated by the vagus from the pharyngeal plexus

24
Q

What is the clinical presentation of paralysis of the tensor or levator palate?

A

The paralysis allow the muscle on the non-paralyzed side to pull or deviate the uvula towards the normal side.

25
Q

_____ vessels and nerves supply the post-incisive?

A

nasopalatine

26
Q

_____ vessels and nerves supply the hard palate?

A

greater palatine

27
Q

______ vessels and nerves supply the soft palate?

A

less palatine

28
Q

Describe the relationships of the palatine tonsil.

A

blood supply: tonsillar branch of facial a. and palatine branch of the ascending pharyngeal
innervation: glossopharyngeal nerve is closely related to the floor of the tonsillar fossa

29
Q

What vein is a frequent bleeder during tonsillectomy?

A

tonsillar vein

30
Q

What lymph nodes drains the palatine tonsil?

A

jugulodigastric nodes

31
Q

What is the upper portion of the nose formed by?

A

forntal, maxillae, and nasal bone

32
Q

What is the lower portion of the nose formed by?

A

septal and alar cartilage
the septal cartilage is a large, midline,triangular-shaped cartilage that has lateral extensions, and the alar cartilages support the lateral aspect of the nostrils

33
Q

Where do fractures of the nose occur?

A

frequently occur at the junction between the septal cartilage and the ethmoid and vomer bones. Cartilaginous fragments may telescope posteriorly.

Anterior rhinoscopy is commonly used to view and surgically approach structures in
the nasal cavity.

34
Q

What are the relationships of the medial wall or nasal septum?

A

medial wall or nasal septum is formed by the alar
and septal cartilages anteriorly; the perpendicular plate
of the ethmoid posterosuperiorly; and the vomer
posteroinferiorly.

35
Q

___________ ________ is located postero-superior to superior concha.

A

Sphenoethmoidal Recess is located postero-superior to superior concha. The sphenoidal sinus drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess. A highest concha and
meatus may be present in this recess.

36
Q

The middle meatus contains what 5 structures?

A

It contains the ethmoidal bulla, hiatus semilunaris and

openings for the maxillary, ethmoidal and frontal sinuses.

37
Q

The opening for the ________ _____ is located in the inferior meatus, 1 cm
posterior to the anterior edge of the concha

A

nasolacrimal duct

38
Q

The ____________ artery, the terminal branch of the maxillary artery, supplies
the septum and lateral wall of the posterior one-half of the nasal cavity.

A

sphenopalatine artery

The sphenopalatine artery branches into the posterior lateral and posterior septal arteries

39
Q

_________ and _________ _______ arteries, which are branches of the ophthalmic artery, supply the anterior one-half of the walls/septum.

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal

40
Q

Describe the Kiesselbach’s area.

A

A small region of near the vestibule is supplied by septal branches of the superior labial artery. The majority of nasal hemorrhages or (epistaxis) occurs at the
junction of the septal branches of the superior labial and sphenopalatine arteries.
Clinically, this region is referred to as Kiesselbach’s area

41
Q

Describe the Maxillary Sinus.

A

pyramidal cavity with its base directly
medially and the apex is directed towards the zygomatic process of the maxilla. The medial wall forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and its roof forms
the floor of the orbit. The maxillary floor is part of the alveolar portion of the maxilla.

The posterior maxillary wall forms the anterior wall of the
pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa. The maxillary sinus drains by ciliary action, gravity and negative pressure into one or more openings into the hiatus semilunaris.

42
Q

Describe the relationships of the ethmoidal sinus

A

Anterior ethmoidal cells open into the anterior part
of the hiatus semilunaris.
middle Ethmoidal cells open onto the surface of the bulla ethmoidalis.
Posterior Ethmoidal cells open into the superior
meatus

43
Q

Describe the relationship of the Sphenoidal Sinus.

A

a. posterior: pons, basilar artery
b. superior: pituitary
c. anterior: nasal cavity
d. Inferior: nasopharynx
e. lateral: internal carotid, cavernous sinus

44
Q

Pterygopalatine (Sphenopalatine) Ganglion is attached to the nerve in the fossa.

A

maxillary (V2) nerve

45
Q

Vidian nerve or nerve of the pterygoid canal is formed by the merging of the ______ _______ and _______ ______nerves.

A

Vidian nerve or nerve of the pterygoid canal is formed by the merging of the deep petrosal and great petrosal nerves. It conveys postganglionic sympathetic,
GVE parasympathetic, and GVA fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion where it
ends.

46
Q

Lesser and Greater Palatine nerves are the largest branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion. What fibers do they carry?

A

They convey GSA (V2), GVA (VII), GVE
parasympathetic, postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the mucosa of the inferior
surface of the soft and hard palate, respectively

47
Q

_______ nerve distributes the same components as the palatine nerves to the mucosa of the posterior nasal septum and lateral nasal cavity

A

Nasopalatine nerve

Neuroscience I Exam 2 (8 decks)

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