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SHB Exam 1 > Orbit > Flashcards

Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the outer rim of the orbit?

A

Frontal, zygomatic, and maxilla bones

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2
Q

What bones make up the inner part of the orbit?

A

Sphenoid (greater & lesser wings), ethmoid, lacrimal, and palatine bones

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3
Q

What bones makeup the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla, zygomatic, palatine bones

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4
Q

What bones makeup the roof of the orbit?

A

Frontal, sphenoid bones

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5
Q

What bones makeup the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Ethmoid, lacrimal, frontal, maxillary, palatine bones

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6
Q

What bones makeup the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic, sphenoid, frontal, maxilla bones

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7
Q

What lies at the apex of the orbit?

A

Optic canal

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8
Q

What makes up the base of the orbit?

A

Orbital margin

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9
Q

What is the axis of the orbit?

A

45 degrees from sagittal

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10
Q

What is the name for the space b/w the upper and lower eyelids?

A

Pelpebral fissure, bound by the upper and lower palpebral margins (palpebrae = eyelids)

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11
Q

The upper and lower palpabral margins meet at the ___________.

A

Canthus (medial and lateral canthi)

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12
Q

How many layers does a palpebra have associated w/it?

A

7

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13
Q

What is the major m. of the eyelid?

A

Levator palpabrae superioris m.

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14
Q

What is the lacrimal lake?

A

The larger medial angle of the eyelid

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15
Q

What is the fleshy elevation seen in the medial eye (next to the lake)?
What’s contained in it?

A
  • Lacrimal caruncle

- Sweat glands, sebaceous glands, cilia

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16
Q

What is the name of the CT band found just lateral to the lacrimal caruncle?

A

Plica semilunaris (separates sclera from lacrimal lake)

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17
Q

Where are lacrimal glands located?

What do the ducts of the lacrimal gland drain directly into?

A
  • Superolateral aspect of eye

- Superior palpebral fornix (of upper lid. aided by blinking)

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18
Q

What is the function of the puncta lacrimali?

Where are they located?

A
  • Drain opening for the tears

- Medial side of upper and lower lid

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19
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal canaliculus?

Where are they located?

A
  • It’s a duct from the puncta lacrimali to the lacrimal sac

- Upper and lower palpebrae

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20
Q

What is the lacrimal sac?

Where is it located?

A
  • Collection of fluids

- Fossa of lacrimal bone

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21
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?

A

Nasal sinus

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22
Q

What do the recti mm. originate?

A 
Anulus tendineus (fibrous ring encircling inf and sup orbital fissures + optic canal)
- Placed medially, so mm. travel laterally and anteriorly to reach eye
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23
Q

Where does the superior oblique m. originate?

A

Sphenoid

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24
Q

Where does the inferior oblique m. originate?

A

Maxilla

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25
Q

Where does the levator palpebrae superioris m. originate?

A

Sphenoid

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26
Q

What are the vertical axis actions of each of the 6 eye mm.?

A 
Medial rectus: none
Lateral rectus: none
Superior rectus: elevates
Inferior rectus: depresses
Superior oblique: depresses
Inferior oblique: elevates
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27
Q

What are the horizontal axis actions of each of the 6 eye mm.?

A 
Medial rectus: adducts
Lateral rectus: abducts
Superior rectus: adducts
Inferior rectus: adducts
Superior oblique: abducts
Inferior oblique: abducts
28
Q

What does the superior division of the oculomotor n. innervate?

A

Superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris mm.

29
Q

What does the inferior division of the oculomotor n. innervate?

A

Medial and inferior recti, inferior oblique mm.

30
Q

Besides the optic n., what travels through the optic canal?

A

Ophthalmic a.

31
Q

What are the 3 primary branches that V1 divides into?

A

“NFL”

  • Nasociliary n.
  • Frontal n.–> Supratrochlear and supraorbital nn.
  • Lacrimal n.
32
Q

What is the pw of the nasociliary n. across the eye? What branches does it give off (just kind of know them)

A
  • Lateral to medial

- Short ciliary nn., long ciliary nn., posterior ethmoidal n., anterior ethmoidal n., infratrochlear n.

33
Q

How does the communicating branch of the ciliary ganglion reach the eye?

A

Runs thru the ciliary ganglion w/o synapsing, then reaches eye by running w/short ciliary nn.

34
Q

What are the only types of fibers that synapse w/ciliary ganglion?
What other fibers run directly thru it?

A
  • Parasymp fibers from CN III

- Sensory and symp fibers

35
Q

What m. causes constriction of the pupil via parasympathetic stimulation?

A

Sphincter pupillae m.

36
Q

What m. causes allows eye to focus on nearby objects via parasympathetic stimulation?

A

Ciliary m. contraction

37
Q

After passing thru ciliary ganglion, how to sympathetic fibers enter the eye?
What m. do they innervate and what’s its function?

A
  • Short and long ciliary nn.

- Dilator pupillae mm. –> dilate pupil

38
Q

What are the 7 branches of the ophthalmic a. that Dr. Frystak cares about?

A 
Lacrimal (taggable)
Central retinal
Long and short ciliary (choroidal)
Supraorbital (taggable)
Anterior ethmoidal
Posterior ethmoidal
Supratrochlear
39
Q

What veins drain the orbit?
What hole do they pass thru?
Where do they drain to?

A
  • Superior and inferior ophthalmic vv.
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Cavernous sinus
40
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eye, outside to inside?

A

Schlera, choroid, retina

41
Q

What are responsible for the production of the eye’s aqueous humor?

A 
Ciliary processes (in the ciliary body).
- Distributed to ant and post compartments
42
Q

What attaches the ciliary body to the lens?

A

Zonular fibers

43
Q

What is the cause of Glaucoma?

A

Increasing IOP (intraocular pressure). Aqueous humor drainage is less than its production (produced in ciliary body)

  • Compresses retina, optic n., BV’s
  • Caused be decreased outflow thru canal of schlemm or increased production in aqueous humor
  • Can dmg retina, painful, eventually can cause blindness
  • Sx: blurred vision, halos around bright objects
44
Q

Where is the constrictor pupillae m. located?

A

Pupillary aspect of the eye, circumferentially. (parasymp)

45
Q

Where is the dilator pupillae m. located?

A

Deep to constrictor pupillae, oriented radially. (symp)

46
Q

Where is the vitreous body contained?

A

Postremal chamber

47
Q

What are the functional layers of cells in the retina, in the order that light hits them?

A
  1. Ganglion cells (cell bodies, pass to optic n.)
  2. Interneurons and bipolar cells
  3. Photoreceptors (lie adjacent to pigmented epithelium)
48
Q

What are Muller cells, basically?

A

Supporting cells of the retina

49
Q

Do rods or cones have higher amplification?

A

Rods

50
Q

Which has higher temporal resolution, rods or cones?

A

Cones

51
Q

Which take more light to saturate, cones or rods?

A

Cones

52
Q

Which have more pw convergence (lower acuity), rods or cones?

A

Rods

53
Q

Describe what’s present at the fovea.

A

Avascular zone consisting mainly of just a cone layer.

54
Q

Where does the optic n. leave the sclera?

A

Lamina cribrosa (of the sclera)

55
Q

What is the name of the retina overlying the lamina cribrosa?

A

Optic papilla/optic disc/blind spot

56
Q

Where do the central a. and v. of the retina run thru?

A

Center of the optic n.

57
Q

Where does the central v. of the retina normally drain to?

A

Cavernous sinus

58
Q

Do the oblique mm. insert on the medial or lateral side of the eyeball?

A

Lateral

59
Q

What does the outer-most layer of the retina consist of? (resting on the choroid)

A

Pigmented epithelial cells

60
Q

What forms the blood-retinal barrier?

A

Tight junctions b/w Muller cells (of the retina)

61
Q

What is responsible for the yellow and white secretion sometimes found in the eye upon arising after a night’s sleep?

A

The lacrimal caruncle (contains the sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and cilia)

62
Q

What accounts for the “sniffling” which is necessary to keep the draining tears within the nasal cavity during crying.

A

Anterior drainage of the nasolacrimal duct

- “overflow” from the ductal system

63
Q

Describe the pathway of tears from the lacrimal gland.

A

Lacrimal gland (ducts–>)
Superior palpebral fornix –>
Puncta lacrimali (drain opening, sup and inf medially) –>
Lacrimal canaliculus (sup and inf) –>
Lacrimal sac (fossa of lacrimal bone) –>
Nasolacrimal duct –> nasal sinus

64
Q

What is the flow of aqueous humor? What does it go through?

A

Post –> ant

- goes thru pupil

65
Q

What are the major nn. found in the orbit?

A
  • CN II
  • CN III
  • CN IV
  • CN V-1
  • CN VI
    (all travel through SOF)
  • Sympathetics & parasympathetics
66
Q

What types of information do short ciliary nn. carry to the eye?

A
  • Postganglionic symp
  • Postganglionic parasymp
  • General sensory (afferent) fibers

SHB Exam 1 (19 decks)

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