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SHB Exam 1 > Anterior Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which cartilages inferior to the hyoid bone are “true rings” and which are “V-shaped”?

A
  • Thyroid cartilage: V-shaped

- Cricoid cartilage: True ring

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2
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • Anterior: anterior median line
  • Posterior: SCM
  • Superior: inferior border of mandible
  • Apex: jugular notch
  • Roof: Sub-Q fascia & platysma
  • Floor: pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland (covered by pretrachial fascia)
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3
Q

Mylohyoid m: OIIA?

A

Suprahyoid
Origin: mylohyoid line of mandible
Insertion: Medial raphe and body of mandible

Innervation: Nerve to the mylyhyoid of V3 (also innervates ant belly of digastric)
Action: Elevates hyoid bone, base of tongue, floor of mouth; depresses mandible

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4
Q

Digastric m: OIIA?

A

Suprahyoid
Origin: Ant-digastric fossa of mandible; post-mastoid notch of temporal bone
Insertion: Intermediate tendon attached to body of hyoid

Innervation: Ant-nerve to mylohyoid (CN V3); post-Facial n. (CN VII)
Action: Stablizes, raises, anterior movement (ant belly) and posterior movement (post belly) of the hyoid

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5
Q

Geniohyoid m: OIIA?

A

Suprahyoid
Origin: Genial tubercle of mandible
Insertion: Hyoid bone (deep to mylohyoid)

Innervation: Nerve to geniohyoid (C1, runs w/hypoglossal CN XII)
Action: Raises hyoid bone, depresses mandible

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6
Q

Stylohyoid m: OIIA?

A

Suprahyoid
Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: Hyoid bone

Innervation: Facial n. (CN VII)
Action: Elevates hyoid b. and base of tongue

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7
Q

Sternohyoid m: OIIA?

A

Infrahyoid
Origin: Posterior aspect of manubrium (of sternum)
Insertion: Hyoid

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Action: Depresses larynx and hyoid bone, steadies hyoid bone (during vocalization & depression of mandible)

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8
Q

Sternothyroid m: OIIA?

A

Infrahyoid
Origin: Manubrium (posterior to sternohyoid)
Insertion: Thyroid cartilage (oblique line)

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Action: Depresses larynx and thyroid cartilage (stabilizes it during vocalization and depression of mandible)

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9
Q

Thyrohyoid m: OIIA?

A

Infrahyoid
Origin: Thyroid cartilage (oblique line)
Insertion: Hyoid bone

Innervation: Nerve to the thyrohyoid (C1, travels w/hypoglossal CN XII)
Action: Depresses larynx and hyoid bone, elevates thyroid cartilage (stabilizes both during vocalization)

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10
Q

Omohyoid m: OIIA? (sup and inf bellies)

A

Infrahyoid
Origin: Superior border of scapula (near scapular notch)
Insertion: Hyoid bone (jcn of body and greater horn)

Innervation: Innervation: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Action: Depresses hyoid bone and may stabilize it from below

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11
Q

What 2 mm. appear as 1 going from the manubrium to the hyoid b. but actually start and stop at the thyroid cartilage?

A

Sternothyroid m. –> Thyrohyoid m.

different innervations

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12
Q

The hyoid bone aids mainly in what 3 actions?

A

Tongue movement, vocalization, swallowing

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13
Q

During swallowing, infrahyoid mm. ___________ while suprahyoid mm. ___________.

A

Relax (infrahyoids); Contract (suprahyoids)

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14
Q

What are the 5 major contents of the submandibular triangle?

A 
Submandibular gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
Mylohyoid n. (V3)
Facial a.
Lingual n. (can't see it)
Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
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15
Q

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch?

A

BCS

  1. Brachiocephalic Trunk
  2. Left Common Carotid a.
  3. Left Subclavian a.
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16
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A

Right common carotid a. and right subclavian a.

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17
Q

The common carotid a. divides into:

A

Internal and external carotid aa. (enters skull via carotid foramen)

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18
Q

Which major a. is responsible for supplying the face and neck, both superficial and deep?

A

External carotid a.

19
Q

Recall: what 3 things are in the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus n.
IJV
Common carotid a.

20
Q

Name the branches of the external carotid a:

A

SALFOP Super-T Max

  1. Superior thyroid a.
  2. Ascending pharyngeal a.
  3. Lingual a.
  4. Facial a.
  5. Occipital a.
  6. Posterior auricular a.
  7. Superficial temporal a. (gives off transverse facial a.)
  8. Maxillary a.
21
Q

(not sure about this image)

What runs next to the vagus n. to provide a type of innervation about the external carotid a.?

A

Sympathetic trunk (from cervical ganglia)

22
Q

What m. divides the subclavian a. into 3 sections?

A

Anterior scalene m.

23
Q

Vertebral a. runs through what part of the vertebrae?

A

Foramen transversarium

24
Q

Subclavian v. runs behind __________ and in front of the ___________.

A

Clavicle; anterior scalene

25
Q

Subclavian a. and brachial plexus run b/w _______ & ________.

A

Anterior scalene and middle scalene.

26
Q

Important structures near the superior thoracic apertures include: (Don’t memorize)

A
  1. Thoracic duct
  2. Vagus n.
  3. Phrenic n.
  4. Sympathetic chain
  5. Recurrent laryngeal n.
  6. Subclavian aa. and vv. (and their branches)
  7. Common carotid aa.
  8. Apices of lt and rt lungs (and their pleura)
27
Q

What 5 branches does the vagus n. give off in the neck? (Which 2 are most important?)

A
  1. Pharyngeal branch (motor)
  2. Superior laryngeal n.
  3. N. to the carotid body (sensory)
  4. Cardiac nerves (parasympathetic)
  5. Recurrent laryngeal n.
    (2 & 5 most important)
28
Q

What are the 2 branches of the superior laryngeal n (branch of vagus n)?

A
  1. Internal laryngeal n.–*pierces thyrohyid membrane; sensory to larnyx above true vocal folds
  2. External laryngeal n.–supplies cricothyroid m. (motor)
29
Q

What are the 2 branches of the recurrent laryngeal n (branch of vagus n)?

A
  1. Right recurrent laryngeal n.–loops around the subclavian a. (ant –> post), runs in tracho-esophageal groove, provides motor to all vocalization mm. except cricothyroid (external laryngeal n. does that)
  2. Left recurrent laryngeal n.–wraps around aortic arch
30
Q

What are the usual 3 cervical sympathetic ganglion in the T and L spinal cord? (numbers may vary)

A
  1. *Superior (C1-C4)
  2. Middle (C5-C6)-may be absent
  3. Inferior (C7-C8)
31
Q

What is important about the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion?

A
  • C1-C4; Very large
  • Supplies structures of the head via internal carotid plexus and also supplies the superior cardiac nerves (which participates in the cardiac plexus of nerves)
32
Q

Interruption in the sympathetic ganglion chain in the neck can result in what syndrome?

A

Horner’s syndrome

33
Q

What is the name for a possible branch of the middle cervical sympathetic ganglion that passes around the subclavian a. and runs to the inferior ganglion?

A

Ansa subclavia

34
Q

The inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion frequently fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form what?

A

Stellate (Cervicothoracic) ganglion

35
Q

The right arm, right upper thorax, and right head drain to what duct?

A

Right lymphatic duct

36
Q

All of the body except the right arm, right upper thorax, and right head (all of the left side and lower right) drain to what duct?

A

Thoracic duct

37
Q

The pleura of the lung where it extends about an inch above the clavicle is called the cervical pleura or ________?

A

Cupula

38
Q

The area b/w the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland is called the ____________.

A

Isthmus

39
Q

The lobes of the thyroid gland are called _________ ______.

A

Pyramidal lobes

40
Q

Parathyroid glands regulate ____. How many glands are typically found? What side of thyroid?

A

Ca2+
4 glands
Posterior side of thyroid gland

41
Q

What 4 mm. located deep to the prevertebral layer of cervical fascia assist in flexion of the head/neck?
(Anterior group)

A

Longus coli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Anterior scalene

42
Q

What 4 mm. located deep to the prevertebral layer of cervical fascia assist in flexion of the head/neck?
(Lateral group)

A

Rectus capitis lateralis
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Middle & posterior scalenes

43
Q

From this lecture, which mm. have their own n. that runs specifically to them?

A

Mylohyoid (off V3, also to ant digastric), geniohyoid (off C1, running w/XII), thyrohyoid (off C1, running w/XII)

44
Q

What innervates splenius capitis m.? Action?

A
  • C3/C4

- Extends, rotates cervical spine

SHB Exam 1 (19 decks)

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