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SHB Exam 1 > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Where on the sc do sympathetics originate from?

A

T1-L2

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2
Q

Where on the sc do parasympathetics originate from?

A

Mostly CN’s of brain stem, some in S2-S4

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3
Q

What CN’s give off parasympathetic function (GVE)?

A

III, VII, IX, X

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4
Q

Once a sympathetic nerve exits its ganglion it becomes part of a ____________ nerve.

A

spinal

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5
Q

Sympathetic cell bodies originate from the _____________ of the sc.

A

Lateral horn (interomediallateral nucleus, IML).

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6
Q

Name the sympathetic ganglion superior to T1.

A

Superior, medial, and inferior cervical ganglion.

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7
Q

A sympathetic ganglion outside of the sympathetic trunk is called a __________________.

A

Collateral ganglion

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8
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers leave the sc via the ________ root.

A

ventral

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9
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and ________. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers are ________ and ________.

A
  • short, myelinated (white)

- long, unmyelinated (gray)

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10
Q

Which NS is responsible for vasomotor tone?

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

Parasympathetic nn. synapse at __________ ganglia. Where are these ganglia located?

A
  • peripheral (ganglia)

- near target organ

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12
Q

Most sympathetic nn. synapse at __________ ganglia. Where are these ganglia located?

A
  • Chain or collateral ganglia (others are the adrenal medullae)
  • Located near spinal cord
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13
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and ________. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are ________ and ________.

A
  • long, myelinated

- short, unmyelinated

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14
Q

What is the NT for sympathetic preganglionic synapses? Postganglionic synapses?

A
  • Ach

- NE

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15
Q

What is the NT for parasympathetic preganglionic synapses? Postganglionic synapses?

A
  • Ach

- Ach

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16
Q

The postganglionic neurons for sphlanchnic nn. synapse at what neuronal structures?

A

Prevertebral ganglia

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17
Q

The postganglionic neurons for sphlanchnic nn. T5-T9 are associated w/what ganglion? What is the important n. that comes from here?

A
  • Celiac ganglion

- Greater splanchnic n.

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18
Q

The postganglionic neurons for sphlanchnic nn. T9-T10 are associated w/what ganglion?

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

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19
Q

What is the sympathetic effect of renin secretion in the kidneys?

A

Increases

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20
Q

Are pelvic splanchnic nn. parasymp or symp? What about sacral splanchnics?

A
  • Parasympathetic (they are the exception). “P”

- Sympathetic (“S”)

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21
Q

What is unusual about sympathetic splanchnic nn?

A

Their ganglion are closer to target organ.

22
Q

What do sympathetic nn. use to find their targets?

A

Blood vessels and peripheral nn.

23
Q

What NT increases HR?

A

NE

24
Q

What are the 3 key symptoms of cranial sympathetic nerve stimulation?

A

Sweating on face, dilator pupillae, tarsal m. of eyelid.

25
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

What are the 3 signs?

A

Interruption of the ipsilateral sympathetic pathway (to the face)

  • Miosis (excessive pupil contriction)
  • Ptosis (eyelid drooping ~30%)
  • Anhidrosis (lack of sweating)
  • Unilateral facial redness (No symp, no vasoconstriction)
26
Q

How does parasymp innervation affect the pupil size and lens?

A

Smaller pupil, rounder lens

27
Q

Someone w/sign’s of Horner’s syndrome w/upper extremity pain and smoke tobacco could possibly have _____________.

A

Pancoast tumor

28
Q

What are the parasympathetic nuclei of CN’s III, VII, IX, and X?

A 
CPOS (COPS almost)
Ciliary (3)
Pterygopalatine (7)
Otic (9)
Submandibular (7)
Thoracic, abdominal, and cardiac ganglia (10)
29
Q

Which parasympathetic nerve helps you pee, poop, and point (your penis)?

A

Pelvic splanchnic n.

30
Q

CN associated w/ciliary ganglion? Location?

A
  • CN III

- Lateral to optic n.

31
Q

CN associated w/pterygopalatine ganglion? Location?

A
  • CN VII

- In pterygopalatine fossa

32
Q

CN associated w/submandibular ganglion? Location?

A
  • CN VII

- On hyoglossus

33
Q

CN associated w/otic ganglion? Location?

A
  • CN IX

- Below foramen ovale

34
Q

What are the parasympathetic fibers of ciliary ganglion?

A

Oculomotor n. to its inferior division.

35
Q

What are the parasympathetic fibers of pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Facial n. –> greater petrosal n. –> (Vidian’s) nerve of pterygoid canal.

36
Q

What are the parasympathetic fibers of submandibular ganglion?

A

Facial n. –> corda tympani (rides lingual n. to target)

37
Q

What are the parasympathetic fibers of otic ganglion?

A

Glossopharyngeal n., its tympanic branch, lesser petrosal n.

38
Q

Chief distribution of ciliary ganglion?

A
  • Parasymp: Ciliary m. (accomodation, focussing) and sphincter pupillae (miosis, constriction)
  • Symp: dilator pipillae and tarsal m. of Muller
39
Q

Chief distribution of pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Lacrimal glands, glands of the palate and nose

40
Q

Chief distribution of submandibular ganglion?

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands

41
Q

Chief distribution of otic ganglion?

A

Parotid gland

42
Q

What do the parasympathetic nerves of CN III get a ride from on the way to the eye.

A
  • CN V1 (synapses at ciliary ganglion)
43
Q

What is the parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

CN VII –> Greater petrosal n. –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> lacrimal gland

44
Q

What is the parasympathetic pathway to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

CN VII –> chorda tympani –> submandibular ganglion –> submandibular/sublingual glands

45
Q

What 2 nn. join to become Vidian’s n. of the pterygoid canal?
Where do they synapse?

A
  • Greater petrosal and deep petrosal nn.

- Pterygopalatine ganglion

46
Q

What gives the chorda tympani (of CN VII) a ride to the submandibular ganglion?

A
  • Lingual n. of CN V3
47
Q

What gives a ride to CN VII to the lacrimal gland (for crying)?

A
  • Zygomatic branch of CN V2

“don’t cry, you’ll wet your zygomatic arch”

48
Q

Explain the parasympathetic pathway to the parotid gland.

A

GLOAP

  • Glossopharyngeal n.
  • Lesser petrosal n.
  • Otic ganglion
  • Auriculotemporal n.
  • Parotid gland
49
Q

What gives a ride to the glossopharyngeal n. towards its target parotid gland?

A

Auriculotemporal n. of CN V3

50
Q

What parasympathetics innervate the cock and balls?

A

S2, S3, S4 (keep the junk off the floor)

51
Q

Besides chain and collateral ganglia, sympathetics can also synapse in ____________.

A

The adrenal medulla

SHB Exam 1 (19 decks)

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