Back Flashcards
SA: What vertebra is the vertebrae prominens?
C7
SA: Which vertebra aligns with the superior angle of the scapula?
~ T1 or T2
SA: Which vertebra aligns with the inferior angle of the scapula?
~ T7
SA: Which vertebra aligns with the iliac crest?
L4
Extrinsic back mm. (“superficial & intermediate groups”) are involved in what kind of movements? General innervation?
- Movements of the UEs and thoracic wall
- Innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves
Intrinsic back mm. (“true mm.”, “deep group”) are involved in what kind of movements? General innervation? What’s the 1 she cares about?
- Support & move the vertebral column, participate in moving the head
- Innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves
- erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
Extrinsic back mm.–superficial group (Involved in UE movement). What mm. are in the first and second layers?
- Layer 1: latissimus dorsi & trapezius
- Layer 2: rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae (all inserted into the medial border of the scapula)
Extrinsic back mm.–intermediate group (associated w/T-wall)
- Serratus posterior superior (elevates ribs)
- Serratus posterior inferior (depresses ribs)
Trapezius-OIIA + what a. supplies it?
O-superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
I-lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
I-Accessory nerve (CN 11)
A-elevates, retracts, rotates scapula; lower fibers depress scapula
*Supplied by the transverse cervical a.
Latissimus dorsi-OIIA + a.?
O-spinous processes of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, & last 3 ribs
I-humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
I-thoracodorsal nerve
A-extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus. Also plays a role in coughing and sneezing (expiratory efforts)
*Supplied by the thoracodorsal a.
Levator scapulae-OIIA
O-posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4
I-medial border of scapula from superior angle to spine
I-ventral rami of C3-C4 & dorsal scapular nerve
A-Elevates scapula. Flexes head and neck laterally
Rhomboid major-OIIA
O-spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
I-medial border of scapula before base of the spine of the scapula
I-dorsal scapular nerve
A-fixes scapula to T-wall and retracts & rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
Rhomboid minor-OIIA
O-ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and T1 vertebrae
I-medial border of scapula at spine of scapula
I-dorsal scapular nerve
A-fixes scapula to T-wall and retracts & rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
Serratus posterior inferior-OIIA
O-spinous processes of T11-L1
I-inferior aspect of ribs 9-12
I-ventral rami of lower thoracic nerves
A-depresses ribs
Serratus posterior superior-OIIA
O-ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T3
I-superior aspect of ribs 2-4
I-ventral rami of upper thoracic nerves
A-elevates ribs
Spinal root of the accessory nerve (CN XI) supplies what?
SCM & trapezius (only)
Abduction of the scapula above 90 degrees is done by what mm.?
Trapezius and serratus anterior
The triangle of auscultation is b/w what 2 superficial mm.?
Trapezius & latissimus dorsi
What 3 mm. take origin in the vertebral column, insert into the scapula, and are supplied by the dorsal scapular nerve?
Levator scapulae, rhomboid major + minor
Serratus anterior-OIIA + a.?
O-8 digitations in the upper 8 ribs
I-ventral aspect of the medical border of scapula
I-long thoracic nerve (roots of the brachial plexus (C5, 6, 7)
A-protracts the scapula forward (boxer’s m.)
*supplied by the lateral thoracic a.
Injury to the long thoracic nerve could cause what?
“Winging of the scapula”(protracts scapula because the medial border of the scapula is no longer in contact w/the chest wall)
What foramina are found only in cervical vertebrae?
Foramen transversarium (transmit vertebral vessels thru transverse processes)
Which vertebra has no vertebral body or spinous process (consists of 2 lateral masses)
Atlas (C1)
Which vertebra possesses an odontoid process (Dens), and has a strong bifid spinous process?
Axis (C2)
What is the Yes-Yes joint (nodding)?
Atlanto-occipital joint
What is the No-No joint?
Atlanto-axial joint (dens acts as a pivot)
What mm. lay above the suboccipital mm.?
Trapezius and sternomastoid, then splenius capitis, then semispinalis capitis
What all are in the suboccipital triangle?
-Superomedial: rectus c.p. major
-Lateral: obliquus c. superior
-Inferior: obliquus c. inferior
-roof: semispinalis capitus
-floor: posterior arch of atlas
(rectus cp minor doesn’t share in triangle)
What aa. and nerves are within and above the suboccipital triangle?
Floor: vertebral a., suboccipital nerve
Roof (not triangle): occipital a., greater occipital nerve
Suboccipital nerve info?
- dorsal ramus of C1
- Pure motor
- supplies 4 suboccipital mm. & semisplenalis capitus
Greater occipital nerve info?
- dorsal ramus of C2
- pure sensory
- appears at lower border of inferior oblique, pierces semispinalis capitus & trapezius
- supplies scalp up to the vertex
Vertebral a. is branch of the _______?
subclavian a.
Occipital a. is branch of the _______?
external carotid a. (ECA)
Of the intrinsic (deep back) mm., the _____________ is superficial, the intermediate group is _______________, and the deep mm. are the ________________.
- Splenius (capitis) m.
- Erector spinae
- Paravertebral mm.
The deep mm. of the intrinsic back mm. include:
Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
