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UNMC PA Pharmacology > Oral T2D Drugs > Flashcards

Oral T2D Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Prototype sulfonylurea drug

A

Glimepiride

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2
Q

Sulfonylurea MOA

A

Increase insulin secretion (secretagogues)
Increase tissue sensitivity
Decrease glucagon secretion

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3
Q

Side effects of glimepiride

A

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain

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4
Q

Contraindications for sulfonylureas

A

Liver or kidney disease

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5
Q

First choice drug for most T2 diabetics

A

Metformin

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6
Q

Metformin MOA

A

Works primarily in liver to decrease glucose production and increase glucose uptake into cells
Increases insulin effectiveness but not insulin secretion

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7
Q

Contraindications of metformin

A

Kidney disease (renal excretion w/o metabolism)
Dehydration (need to be well hydrated)

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8
Q

Advantages of metformin

A

No hypoglycemia
No weight gain

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9
Q

Adverse effects of metformin

A

GI upset (diarrhea)
Risk of lactic acidosis

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10
Q

Acarbose MOA

A

Microbial sugar that reduce GI glucose formation and absorption
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

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11
Q

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs

A

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

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12
Q

TZD MOA

A

Bind and activate PPAR-y to enhance transcription of insulin-responsive genes and help endogenous insulin work better

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13
Q

TZDs increase glucose uptake and utilization in ____ and ___

A

Muscle
Fat

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14
Q

Adverse effects of TZDs

A

Liver toxicity
Weight gain
CV disease
Edema
Increase bladder cancer risk
Fracture risk

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15
Q

GLP-1 agonist required drug

A

Exenatide

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16
Q

GLP-1 agonist MOA

A

Analogs of incretin (GLP-1) that slow gastric emptying and promote satiety

17
Q

DPP-IV inhibitor required drug (oral GLP-1 drug)

A

Sitagliptin

18
Q

DPP-IV inhibitors inhibit what enzyme?

A

Di-peptidyl-peptidase-4

19
Q

Sitagliptin is weight-___

A

Weight-neutral (no gain or loss)

20
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor required drug

A

Canagliflozin

21
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor MOA

A

Reduce glucose reabsorption in kidney
Increase glucose excretion in urine
Diuretic

22
Q

Adverse effects of canagliflozin

A

Hypotension
Increase risk of UTI
Fracture risk

UNMC PA Pharmacology (23 decks)

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