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UNMC PA Pharmacology > Cholinergics > Flashcards

Cholinergics Flashcards

1
Q

Prototype muscarinic agonist

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

Acetylcholine is __ charged, so it can/can’t cross the BBB

A

Positively; can’t

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3
Q

Acetylcholine must be administered _____

A

Intravenously

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4
Q

Vascular effects of acetylcholine

A

Vasodilation due to stimulation of M3 receptors on vascular endothelium, causing release of nitric oxide
Decreased heart rate and contractility (M2 receptors)

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5
Q

Ophthalmic acetylcholine use

A

Complete miosis (pupil constriction/ciliary muscle contraction)

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6
Q

Prototype choline ester

A

Bethanechol

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7
Q

Bethanechol uses

A

Urinary retention

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8
Q

Synthetic choline ester function

A

More M-selective with prolonged action

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9
Q

Prototype alkaloid

A

Pilocarpine

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10
Q

Pilocarpine MOA

A

Agonist of all muscarinic receptors

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11
Q

Pilocarpine uses

A

Xerostomia/sjogrens
Glaucoma

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12
Q

Cevimeline MOA

A

Selective M1/M3 agonist alkaloid in lacrimal and salivary glands

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13
Q

Cevimeline uses

A

Sjogrens/xerostomia

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14
Q

Side effects of muscarinic agonists

A

Sweating, hypotension, cramping, diarrhea

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15
Q

Muscarinic agonist contraindications

A

Hyperthyroidism
Asthma
Peptic ulcer

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16
Q

Muscarinic agonist antidotes

A

Atropine
Epinephrine

17
Q

Prototype muscarinic antagonist

A

Atropine

18
Q

Atropine isa competitive antagonist of ____ receptors

A

All M receptors

19
Q

Atropine does/does not cross BBB

A

Does

20
Q

Atropine response is ___dependent

A

Dose

21
Q

Atropine effects

A

Decrease saliva
Mydriasis
Tachycardia
Decrease gastric secreteions

22
Q

Clinical uses of atropine

A

Reverse bradycardia
Induce Mydriasis
Antidote for insecticide and nerve gas poisoning
Relieve muscarinic side effects of other drugs

23
Q

Adverse effects of atropine

A

Hot as a hare
Dry as a bone
Blind as a bat
Red as a beet
Mad as a hatter

24
Q

Atropine drug interactions

A

Antihistamines
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics

25
Q

Scopolamine MOA

A

Anti muscarinic
Blocks M3 receptors in vestibular apparatus of inner ear

26
Q

Scopolamine use

A

Anti-emetic
Prevent motion sickness

27
Q

Ipratropium bromide use

A

Bronchodilator

28
Q

Ipratropium bromide is administered by ___

A

Inhalation

29
Q

Ipratropium bromide has minimal side effects because ___

A

It is always ionized so it can’t cross membranes well
It is inhaled so systemic effects are minimal

30
Q

Tropicamide use

A

Dilate eyes for eye exams

31
Q

Tropicamide is shorter/longer acting than atropine

A

Shorter (6 hrs vs 4-6 days)

32
Q

Tolterodine use

A

Overactive bladder disorder

33
Q

Major concern of tolterodine

A

Cognitive decline of elderly patients

UNMC PA Pharmacology (23 decks)

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