Oral Surgery - Instruments Flashcards
What are indications for extraction? (8)
Gross caries/unrestorable
advanced perio
tooth and root fracture
severe surface loss
pulpal necrosis
apical infection
impacted wisdom teeth
for orthodontics
What are elevators used for?
used before forceps to loosen and widen the PDL
Name types of elevators
Couplands - no.2 & 3 (separate)
Cryers - left & right (come together)
Warwick James - left, right & straight (come together)
When are cryers elevators commonly used? (2)
Between the root furcations of molars
removing roots
When are Warwick James elevators used?
to loosen and widen PDL of wisdom teeth
What jaw are straight Warwick James elevators used in?
lower jaw
What jaw are right Warwick James elevators used in?
upper jaw
What jaw are left Warwick James elevators used in?
upper jaw
List the types of forceps used in the upper jaw. (7)
straight upper anterior
upper universal
upper molar - right
upper molar - left
upper root
upper bayonet 3rd molar
upper bayonet 3rd molar root
List the types of forceps used in the lower jaw. (4)
lower universal
lower molar
lower root
cowherd forceps
How do you differentiate between the upper straight and the upper universal forceps?
They both have the same tip;
the upper straight handle touches the table when placed flat
the upper universal handle is curved when placed flat
What teeth are extracted with the upper universal forceps?
The upper canines and premolars
Describe the tip of the upper molar forceps.
One side has a beak which engages between the 2 buccal roots
one side has a concave surface to grasp the palatal root
Describe the tip of the upper molar forceps.
“beak to cheek”
One side has a beak which engages between the 2 buccal roots
one side has a concave surface to grasp the palate; root
What is unique to all lower forceps?
the tip is @ a 90 degree angle to the handle
What teeth are extracted with the lower universal forceps?
35 to 45
describe the tip of the lower molar forceps.
has two pointed beaks to engage the furcation between the mesial and the distal root
can be used on the right and left side
What is unique about the way the cowhorn forceps work?
You engage the 2 beaks into the furcation and squeeze to elevate the tooth
- activated by the squeeze not the wrist movement
What is the limitation of the cowhorn
If the forceps aren’t seated properly they can crush the crown
Why are the tips of the upper bayonet 3rd molar forceps not pointed?
3rd molars have unpredictable root pattern
What technique do you use to tell the left and right Cryer/Warwick James elevators apart?
Hold both the left and right elevators in your hand
have the tips of the elevators pointing in @ each other
if the concave surfaces of the tips are facing up = correct orientation
Name what technique(S) is used with a COUPLANDS elevator and describe it. (10)
LEVER
Place thumb and finger on either side of the alveolar bone to support
Use instrument on buccal side of tooth
place coupland as far down the root on the buccal aspect as possible - not interdentally- on the mesial or distal surface with the concave surface facing the tooth you want to elevate
turn the instrument up the way ensuring that the sharp corner at the bottom engages either the medial or distal surface of the tooth and raises it
WEDGE
Place thumb and index finger on either side of the alveolar bone to support it
use instrument buccally
start from mesial aspect to distal
‘wedge’ the tip of the elevator down the PDL and move from side to side
Name what technique is used with a WARWICK JAMES elevator and describe it. (5)
WEDGE
Place thumb and index finger on either side of the alveolar bone to support it
use instrument buccally
start from mesial aspect to distal
‘wedge’ the tip of the elevator down the PDL and move from side to side
Describe the role of a luxator
To sever and tear the PDL
Describe how to differentiate a luxator from a Couplands
Luxator = rounded edge (spoon shape)
Couplands = Sharp pointed edge
