Diseases of Human Systems - connective tissue disease (lupus) Flashcards
What are the two subgroups of systemic connective tissue disease?
Multisystem vasculitic inflammatory disease
Vascular vasculitic disease
Name the types of multi system vasculitic vascular disease.
Systemic lupus erythrematosis
Systemic sclerosis
Sjogrens syndorme
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease
Name the types of vascular vasculitic disease.
Giant vessel disease - giant cell temporal arthritis
Medium vessel disease - kawasaki disease
Small vessel disease - weighers granulomatosis
How do we manage connective tissue diseases? (5)
Immunosuppressants
Biological medications - cytokine inhibitors and lymphocyte depleting drugs
Analgesics - NSAIDS
Systemic steroids - prednisolone (short time use only)
Immune modulating treatments - hydroxychloroquine
Name the types of systemic lupus erythrematosis (subtype of multi system vasculitic inflammatory disease)
Discoid lupus
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Who is most at risk of discoid lupus?
Females of child bearing age
What autoantibodies are likely to be present in an individual with SLE? (3)
AntiANA
Anti-double stand DNA
Anti-ro
What are the signs and symptoms of discoid lupus?
Photosensitive butterfly rash
Raynauds
Arthritis
Renal disease
CVD
lung diseases
What are the dental implications of discoid lupus? (5)
High risk when carrying out GA due to the anaemia
Bleeding tendency due to thrombocytopenia
Impaired drug metabolism from the renal disease
Lichenoid reactions
Oral pigmentation
How can you determine is a patient has antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (subgroup of lupus erythematosis) ?
There is the presence of the lupus anticoagulant marker in the blood
What are the type types of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome? (2)
Primary - no associated inflammatory diseases
Secondary - associated with other inflammatory conditions e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, sjogrens
What are the signs and symptoms of patients with APS?
Recurrent thrombosis - venous, arterial, DVT with pulmonary embolism
What autoantibodies are present in a patient with sjogrens syndrome (subtype of multi system vasculitic inflammatory disease)?
Anti-ANA
Anti-la
Anti-ro
What are the 3 main types of sjogrens and what are they characterised by?
Sicca - dry eyes and mouth only
Primary - features of the disease mainly affect the eyes and mouth
Secondary - associated with another connective tissue disease e.g. SLE
What is the guaranteed method of diagnosing patient’s with sjogrens?
Histopathological sample from the labial salivary gland