Oral Region Flashcards
what is cleft lift/harelip?
birth defect where you get a notch that extends through the lip into the nose - can be deeper and become continuous w/ a cleft in the palate
describe cyanosis of the lips
a dark bluish or purplish color of lips and mucous membranes from deficient oxygenation of capillary blood
-sign of many pathologic conditions
what is a frenulectomy?
resection of the frenulum and underlying CT b/w the incisors
what can a large lower labial frenulum contribute to?
gingival recession -> abnormal exposure of roots of teeth
what is gingivitis?
inflammation of the gingivae
what is periodontitis?
inflammation and destruction of bone and periodontium
what are dento-alveolar abscesses?
collections of pus resulting from death of inflamed tissues - may drain to oral cavity and lips
what are dental caries?
cavities
what is pulpitis?
infection and irritation of the tooth tissues
what causes toothache?
swollen tissues inside a rigid pulp cavity
what are hyperdontia?
supernumerary teeth
what is the most common supernumerary tooth?
mesiodens - malformed, peg-like tooth b/w the maxillary central incisor teeth
supernumerary tooth vs. accessory tooth
supernumerary: resembles size, shape or placement or normal teeth
accessory: does not resemble the form or disposition of a normal tooth
which nerve is at risk during extraction of the 3rd molar?
lingual nerve
what happens w/ unerupted 3rd molars?
they become lodged (impacted) under or against the 2nd molars
describe dental implants
prosthetic crown placed on an abutment (metal peg) inserted into a metal socket surgically implanted into the alveolar bone
nasopalatine nerve block
inject anesthetic into the incisive fossa in the hard palate - needle inserted immediately posterior to incisive papilla - numbs both nerves
numbs palatal mucosa, lingual gingivae, alveolar bone of 2 anterior maxillary teeth, hard palate
greater palatine nerve block
inject anesthetic into the greater palatine foramen - numbs all the palatal mucosa and lingual gingivae posterior to the maxillary canine teeth and underlying bone of palate
which gender is cleft palate more common in?
females
what is the embryological basis of cleft palate?
failure of mesenchymal masses in the lateral palatine processes to meet and fuse with each other, with the nasal septum, and/or with the posterior margin of the median palatine process
what causes the gag reflex?
- CN IX and CN X -> muscular contractions of each side of pharynx
- glossopharyngeal = afferent limb of gag reflex
what happens when genioglossus is paralyzed?
tongue falls posteriorly, obstructing the airway and presenting risk of suffocation
what does injury to hypoglossal nerve cause?
paralysis and eventually atrophy of one side of tongue - tongue deviates to paralyzed side during protrusion due to action of unaffected genioglossus muscle on other side
why are some drugs administered sublingually?
quick absorption - dissolves, enters deep lingual veins < 1 min
