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Board Review > Oral pathology > Flashcards

Oral pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Wearing away of teeth from tooth to tooth contact, malocclusion, grinding and mastication

A

attrition

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2
Q

teeth wear from use of abrasive substances

excessive oral hygiene habits

A

abrasion

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3
Q

angular notch at the gumline caused by bending forces applied to the tooth

A

abfraction

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4
Q

loss of tooth structure from a chemical process

shiny, glossy look

A

erosion

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5
Q

Excess number of teeth

A

supernumerary teeth

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6
Q

what is the most common and the 2nd most common supernumerary teeth

A

mesiodens - between centrals

2nd most common - maxillary molar area

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7
Q

complete abscence of teeth

ectodermal dysplasia

A

anodontia

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8
Q

partial anodontia: one or several teeth are missing

less than normal teeth

A

hypodontia

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9
Q

congentially missing 6 teeth or more - 3rd molars are common

A

oligodontia

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10
Q

small teeth

most common is peg lateral - maxillary

A

microdontia

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11
Q

large teeth

rare

A

macrodontia

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12
Q

Bull tooth
more common in down syndrome
enlarged pulp chamber

A

taurodontism

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13
Q

hereditary disorder of enamel formation

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

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14
Q

inherited dentin disorder

teeth are discolored - opalescent dentin

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

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15
Q

space between adjacent teeth

A

diastema

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16
Q

internal resorption

A

pulp may show through enamel - tooth may appear pink

enlarged pulpal chamber

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17
Q

resorption of the teeth externally

A

external resorption

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18
Q

teeth are joined at the cementum

A

concrescence

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19
Q

two teeth have developed from a single root

normal count of teeth

A

gemination

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20
Q

two teeth are joined during development

one tooth less than normal

A

fusion

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21
Q

tooth within a tooth

most common maxillary lateral incisor

A

dens in dente

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22
Q

exaggerated bend in root

A

dilaceration

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23
Q

disturbance of enamel formation during development

usually present in bifurcations or trifurcations

A

enamel pearls

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24
Q

systemic causes of hypoplasia

A

early childhood diseases
birth trauma, syphillis acquired at birth, trauma
hutchinson’s incisors and mulberry molars - syphillis
fluorosis - high levels of fluoride ingestions

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25
Q

local causes of hypoplasia

A

turners tooth - hypo calcified permanent tooth

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26
Q

staining that occurs of environmental factors such as tobacco use, wine, grape juice

A

extrinsic stain (exogenous)

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27
Q

staining that may occur from enlarged pulp chamber or trauma
dentin is darkened

A

intrinsic stain (endogenous)

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28
Q

endogenous gray, yellow, brown staining

A

tetracycline staining

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29
Q

staining that is more serious in children - hyperbilirubinemia, Rh incompatibility, ABO incompatibility, hemolytic disease, and sepsis

A

green staining

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30
Q

scattered red dots are the orifices of inflammed minor salivary glands, benign but predisposed to malignancy

A

nicotinic stomatitis

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31
Q

white patches that cannot wipe off

A

leukoplakia

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32
Q

milky white lesions of buccal mucosa that disappear when stretched
more prominent in dark skin individuals

A

leukoedema

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33
Q

hyperkeratotic line of buccal mucosa along plane of occlusion

A

linea alba

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34
Q

most common fungal infection
local factors: xerostomia, complete dentures, steroid inhalers
systemic factors: antibiotic therapy, HIV+, uncontrolled diabetes

A

candida albicans

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35
Q

white plaques that wipe off

erythematous candidiasis

A

pseudomembranous candidasis (thrush)

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36
Q

flat, brown freckle

known as focal melanosis

A

melanotic macule

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37
Q

gray, blue-black, flat lesion

amalgam particles embedded in soft tissue

A

amalgam tattoo (focal argyrosis)

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38
Q

intraoral sebaceous oil glands

small bilateral, yellow nodules

A

fordyce granules

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39
Q

fissured areas at the corner of the mouth
TX: topical - nystatin, clotrimazole
systemic - ketoconazole, fluconazole (diflucan)

A

angular chelitis

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40
Q

dilated superficial veins

prominent on ventral tongue

A

varicosities

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41
Q

Most common location of intraoral cancer

A

lateral border

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42
Q

Areas of erythema (atrophy of filiform papillae) surrounded by raised, white border

A

geographic tongue (erythema migrans)

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43
Q

short, thick lingual frenum - limitation of tongue movement affecting speech

A

ankyloglossia (tongue tied)

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44
Q

elongation of the filiform papillae

heavy smoking, antibiotic therapy, poor oral hygiene

A

hairy tongue

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45
Q

fissures and grooves on dorsal of tongue surface

common in down syndrome clients

A

fissured tongue (furrowed tongue, scrotal)

46
Q 
enlarged tongue
excess growth hormone
mouth breathing
hypodontia
common in down syndrome
A

macroglossia

47
Q

red, atrophic area
often associated with candida albicans
anterior to circumvallete papillae

A

median rhomboid glossitis

48
Q

calcification within gland or duct
wharton’s (submandibular) duct most common site
may cause obstruction

A

sialoithiasis (salivary stone)

49
Q

stafne’s bone cyst

A

depression on the mandible at the inferior alveolar canal - submandibular gland
no TX

50
Q

lower lip most common site
bluish/pink fluid filled nodule
caused by traumatic severance of salivary gland duct

A

mucocele

51
Q

mucocele of the floor of the mouth
usually associated with sublingual gland
floor of the mouth - swelling

A

ranula

52
Q

most common tumor of the salivary glands - benign

parotid gland most common

A

pleomorphic adenoma

53
Q

virus transmitted through saliva or respiratory secretions

bilateral parotid enlargement

A

mumps

54
Q

most common tumor of the oral cavity

A

fibroma

55
Q

cause by hpv
often found in soft palate and uvula
peduculated stalked

A

papilloma

56
Q

developmental vascular lesion

tongue most common site

A

hemangioma

57
Q

increase in number of cells present causing inflammation

A

gingival hyperplasia

58
Q

medications that cause gingival hyperplasia

A

phenytoin, procardia, cyclosporine

59
Q

fibroma around denture flange, caused by ill fitting denture

A

epulis fissuratum

60
Q

inflammed pulp tissue within a tooth that is severly decayed or has a large open carious lesions

A

chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

61
Q

papillary lesions under maxillary denture, especially if denture never removed

A

papillary hyperplasia of the palate (pseudopapillomatosis)

62
Q

pregnancy tumor - hormonal influenced, especially during pregnancy

A

pyogenic granuloma

63
Q

giant cells present - multinucleated

A

peripheral giant cell granuloma

64
Q

traumatic ulcer

A

caused by trauma biting, vigorous brushing, eating hard pointed chips
painful
7-14 healing time

65
Q

aphthous ulcer

A

recurring and painful, well circumscribed with erythematous halo
located on unattached mucosa
stress, acidic, or trauma induced

66
Q

intial infection: primary herpetic gingivostomatitis - painful red, multiple vesicles progressing to ulcers
systemic problems : malaise, fever, lymphadenopathy

A

herpes simplex virus 1

67
Q

herpes labialis

A

found on the lip border, recurrent cold sores, fever blisters - vesicles will ulcerate

68
Q

Recurrent intraoral HSV

A

bound down - keratinized mucosa (hard palate and attached gingiva)

69
Q

treatment for herpes 1

A

acyclovir

70
Q

chickenpox - erythema, vesicles, pustules, crusted lesions

shingles - painful unilateral erythema, vesicles, and ulcera

A

varicella zoster virus

71
Q

mononucleosis infections - fatigue, malaise, palatal petechiae
burkitts lymphoma
oral hair leukoplakia

A

epstein barr virus

72
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

mostly in immunocompromised

oral mucosal ulcerations

73
Q

recurrent painful HSV infection of the fingers

A

herpetic whitlow

74
Q

neoplastic lesion
multiple bluish-purple and white macules and plaques
common HIV infected clients

A

kaposi sarcoma

75
Q

herpangina (coxsackie virus)

A

vesicles or ulcers of posterior oral cavity or soft palate

76
Q

ulcerations or vesicles of feet, mouth, and hands - painful

prevalent in young children

A

hand foot and mouth disease (coxsackie virus)

77
Q

autoimmune disease causing xerostomia and dry eyes

A

sjogren syndrome

78
Q

Bulls eye
multiple mucosal surfaces are ulcerated
usually triggered multiple med use
acute ulcerative condition of skin and mucous membranes

A

stevens johnson syndrome - erythema multiforme

79
Q

butterfly rash found on face

A

lupus erythematosis

80
Q

skin disease that may appear as fine lace like white lines - wickhams striae or red ulcerations (erosive)

A

lichen planus

81
Q

long term neuromuscular disease

varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness

A

myasthenia graves

82
Q

cyst

A

lining is epithelial tissue produced during tooth development

83
Q

remnants of the dental lamina

A

epithelial rests of serres

84
Q

remnants of hertwigs tooth sheath

A

epithelial rests of malassez

85
Q

dentigerous cyst (follicular cyst)

A

located around crown of impacted tooth

commonly - mand wisdom teeth and max canines

86
Q

lateral periodontal cyst

A

common between roots of mandibular premolars`

87
Q

radicular cyst

periapical cyst

A

found at apices of necrotic tooth

well-circumscribed funicular radiolucency

88
Q

residual cyst

A

remanant of radicular cyst

89
Q

odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)

A

associated with basal cell carcinoma

commonly in posterior of mandible

90
Q

primordial cyst

A

replaces tooth

91
Q

globulomaxillary cyst

A

found between maxillary lateral and canine incisors

92
Q

nasopalatine duct cyst (incisive canal)

A

radiolucency found at midline of max anterior

heart shaped appearance anterior to nasal spine

93
Q

nasolabial cyst

nasolacrimal cyst

A

located over the maxillary canine region - may swell

may lift ala of the nose

94
Q

premalignant lesions

possible premalignancy to squamous cell carcinoma

A

dysplasia (carcinoma in situ)

95
Q

precancerous skin lesion that may lead to squamous cell carcinoma
irregulary shaped and scaly plaque
sun exposure is a factor

A

actinic keratosis

96
Q

precancerous lesion on lower lip

red, white, ulcerated or crusted appearance

A

actinic cheilitis

97
Q

most common type of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

98
Q

most common types of oral cancer

often seen on lateral surfaces of tongue or floor of the mouth

A

squamous cell carcinoma

99
Q

bone marrow tumor - poor prognosis often fatal
causes anemia and painful bone
punched out radiolucent bone, including jaw

A

multiple myeloma

100
Q

pigmented tumor

most dangerous form of skin cancer

A

melanoma

101
Q

wrinkled, corrugated white lesion at site of placement

leukoplakia with increased risk of developing malignancy

A

snuff dippers keratosis

102
Q

most common, usually benign bone condition

A

odontoma

103
Q

mixed radio-opaque/lucent lesions on the apex of vital teeth - commonly in mandibular anterior
prevalent in african american middle aged women

A

cementoma

104
Q

usually multiocular radiolucency (soap bubble or honey combed)
usually posterior mandibular

A

ameloblastoma

105
Q

radiopaque lesion at apex of inflamed or necrotic tooth

A

condensing osteitis

106
Q

mixed radiolucent/radiopaque lesions at apices
common in lower anterior teeth
involved teeth are vital
common in middle aged african-american woman

A

periodical cemental dysplasia

107
Q

multiple quadrants: dense mass of cementum of bone

both edentulous and edentulous areas may be affected

A

florid cements-osseous dysplasia

108
Q

hypoplastic or absent clavicles

associated with supernumerary teeth

A

cleidocranial dysplasia

109
Q

cotton wool radiopacities

alkaline phosphates elevated

A

pagets disease

110
Q

what virus is associated with herpangina

A

coxsackie virus

111
Q

epulis fissuratum is caused by

A

ill fitting denture

112
Q

most common site for supernumerary tooth

A

between the max cental incisors

Board Review (5 decks)

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