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Clinical dental hygiene Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

Used to penetrate soft tissue or bone; should always be sterilized using heat

A

critical items

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2
Q

come in contact with mucous membranes and non-intact skin (skin that is chapped, abraded, dermatitis); should be sterilized using heat or disposable alternative

A

semi-critical

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3
Q

only contact intact skin (radiograph conehead, blood pressure cuff); clean with EPA registered hospital disinfectant and/or protect with barrier

A

non-critical items

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4
Q

Regulated or biohazard waste

A

can squeeze the blood out

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5
Q

non-regulated waste or household waste

A

regular waste can be thrown out

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6
Q

Direct touching saliva, blood or OPIM

A

Direct contact

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7
Q

touching something that is already contaminated

A

indirect contact

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8
Q

inanimate objects that when contaminated with infectious agents can transfer disease to a new host

A

Fomite

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9
Q

visible particles containing microorganisms generated from infected person, such as coughing, sneezing or talking

A

droplet

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10
Q

particles of respirable size commonly generated by handpicks, ultrasonic scalers, air/water syringe; can remain airborne and viable for extended period of time

A

Aerosol

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11
Q

Disinfection

A

kills MOST microorganisms

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12
Q

Sterilization

A

kills ALL microorganisms, including spores

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13
Q

What are the qualites of an ideal disinfectant

A 
broad spectrum
fast acting
non-toxic
compatible with different types of surfaces
easy to use
substantivity
odorless
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14
Q

High level of disinfectant

A

used in hospitals

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15
Q

Medium level of disinfectant

A

commonly used in dental offices; kills mycobacterium tuberculosis

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16
Q

low level of disinfectant

A

unacceptable in dental offices; kills HIV and hep B

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17
Q

Spore test for steam autoclave

A

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

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18
Q

15-30 min @ 250 degrees (varies if insturments are wrapped or unwrapped)

A

Steam autoclave

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19
Q

Can be used with packaged items
Can process a wide variety of materials
Do not use closed containers
Corrosion of non-stainless steel

A

Steam autoclave

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20
Q

20 minutes at 270 degrees

A

unsaturated chemical vapor

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21
Q

spore test for unsaturated chemical vapor

A

geobacillus stearothermophilus

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22
Q

Do not use closed containers
May damage plastic and rubber items
Cannot sterilize liquids

A

unsaturated chemical vapor

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23
Q

60-120 mins at 320 degrees

A

Dry heat

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24
Q

Do not use paper products in chamber

Appropriate for closed containers

A

Dry heat

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25
spore test for dry heat
bacillus atrophaeus
26
12 min @ 375 degrees
Forced air
27
spore test for forced air (convection)
bacillus atrophaeus
28
Demineralization
loss of calcium, phosphate, and carbonate | occurs when pH drops below critical levels
29
critical levels for ename and cementum
enamel 4.5-5.5; cementum 6.0-6.7
30
Acidogenic
acid producing
31
aciduric
acid tolerant
32
Streptococcus mutans
main species involved in caries process gram + mainly produces lactic acid new carious lesion
33
Lactobacillus species
Gram + incapable of producing the range of pH values required for caries found in large numbers old carious lesion
34
Actinomyces viscosis
associated with root/cervical caries
35
calcium, phosphate and other ions are redeposited into previously demineralized areas
remineralization
36
Fluoride
halts the caries process as it has substantivity; it interferes with bacterial metabolism - bactericidal or bacteriostatic
37
Maxillary and mandibular teeth do not occlude
openbite
38
maxillary teeth are positioned lingual to the mandibular teeth
crossbite
39
vertical overlap of maxillary and mandibular incisors
overbite
40
horizontal overlap of maxillary and mandibular incisors
overjet
41
relationship of the interproximal surfaces of the maxillary central incisors and the inter proximal surfaces of the mandibular central incisors
midline deviation
42
1st sign of gingivitis
bleeding on probing
43
Early bone loss; instrument can enter the depression leading to the furca
class I
44
moderate bone loss; instrument can enter the fulcra but cannot pass between roots
class II
45
severe bone loss; instrument can pass between roots through entire furca
class III
46
severe bone and soft tissue loss; instrument can pass between roots through entire furca
class IV
47
extrinsic stain
external source
48
brown stain
poor oral hygiene; drinking dark colored beverages, coffee, tea, fruit juices, wine
49
dark brown and black stain
tobacco products
50
yellow brown stain
CHX and stannous fluoride; may not be able to remove
51
black stain
often found in healthy mouths; may be seen as thin lines on the cervical third of tooth; possibly caused by consumption of iron and insoluble ferric sulfide; also associated with gram positive bacteria
52
green and yellow stain
poor oral hygiene chromogenic bacteria
53
orange stain
chromogenic bacteria
54
bluish green stain
occupational exposure of metallic dust
55
Alterations to tooth during tooth development; may be from extrinsic source if in area of demineralization
intrinsic stain
56
types of intrinsic stain
fluorosis | tetracycline
57
usually appears on incisal/occlusal third of tooth; opaque or brownish discoloration depending on severity
fluorosis
58
shapes of yellow to brown to orange to gray
tetracycline staining
59
automatic (powered) toothbrush
arthritic hands, caregivers, manually-dexterity challenges, implant care
60
interdental brush (proxy brush)
metal wire or plastic wire; open embrasure spaces, exposed class III or IV furcations, mild arthritis, diastema, orthodontia
61
tufted brushes (end tuft)
rotated teeth, hard to access third molars, exposed class III or IV furcations
62
toothpick in holder
accessible furcations, shallow pockets, normal sulcus depths, someone who already uses toothpick
63
oral irrigator
delivery of liquid antimicrobial agents; gingival inflammation and bleeding, disrupt loosely-adherent plaque, orthodontia. LEAST EFFECTIVE ORAL PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR REMOVING PLAQUE
64
Floss (bridge) threader
orthodontia, bridges
65
Floss holder
physically challenged, large hands, poor manual dexterity
66
Dental floss
aids in minimizing interproximal decay
67
toothbrush
cleans teeth, gums and tongue
68
Anti-caries ingredient
fluoride
69
tartar control ingredient
pyrophosphates
70
antihypersensitivity ingredients
potassium nitrate, strontium chloride, or sodium citrate
71
antibacterial ingredient
triclosan
72
whitening ingredients
carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide
73
Absorbed through the bloodstream of developing bone and teeth; can cause skeletal and dental fluorosis
systemic fluoride
74
Rapidly absorbs fluoride
stomach and small intestines
75
Compounds added in water fluoridation
sodium fluoride sodium silicofluoride hydrofluorosilic acid
76
Community drinking water is monitored by
EPA
77
Opimum fluoride level
0.7 ppm
78
What is the enamel maturation period
period of up to two years after eruption of tooth
79
In office fluoride
Bactericidal effect (high concentration;low exposure) 1.23% APF 2% NaF 5% NaF
80
Home fluoride gels
bacteriostatic effect (low concentration; routine exposure) 0. 4% stannous; 1,000 ppm 1. 1% NaF; 5,000 ppm
81
Mechanism of action for chlorhexidine
bactericidal
82
gracey 1-2
all anterior surfaces
83
gracey 7-8
direct facial and lingual of posterior teeth
84
gracey 11-12
mesial surface of posterior teeth
85
gracey 13-14
distal surface of posterior teeth
86
gracey 15-16
mesial surface posterior teeth
87
gracey 17-18
distal surface posterior teeth
88
Most effective for rampant decay and recommended for bulimics
Sodium fluoride gels (2% NaF)
89
Use for desensitizing exposed roots and caries prevention 0.3-0.5 mL application
Sodium fluoride varnish (5% NaF)
90
Possible gingival sloughing and discoloration of tooth colored restoration
stannous fluoride
91
Use 2.5mL on adults and 2.0mL for kids
Acidulated phosphate fluoride (1.23% APF)
92
What is the certainly lethel dose of fluoride
5-10 gram of NaF at one time for adult
93
What is the safely tolerated dose of fluoride
1/4 of certainly lethal dose
94
symptoms begin withint 30 minutes of ingestion and may persist for as long as 24 hours
acute fluoride toxicity
95
What is the primary purpose of the material safety data sheet
Provides detailed information about specific products used in the dental office
96
A simple phenol is inappropriate for use for disinfecting the dental operatory. A complex phenol is appropriate for use for disinfecting the dental operatory. What category is a complex phenol
mid-level disinfectant
97
Which of the following is best to sterilize a dental handpiece
steam autoclave
98
Using G.V blacks classification for restorations and carious lesions determine the class for a porcelain inlay on the disco-occlusal surface of #14
Class 2
99
Sterility of instuments is determined by
biological testing monitors
100
dentinal hypersensitivtiy
movement of fluid within the dentinal tubules
101
a firm pull stroke with proper lateral pressure isolated to the area of the deposit describes what type of instrumentation stroke
scaling stroke
102
Which gracey curet is best for use on the maxillary second molar
gracey 17-18
103
Must be changed to achieve long term success with oral home care
behavior
104
In what percentage is professional strength, in office sodium fluoride gel
2%
105
This sterilization technique is least appropriate for paper products
dry heat

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