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Board Review > Clinical dental hygiene > Flashcards

Clinical dental hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

Used to penetrate soft tissue or bone; should always be sterilized using heat

A

critical items

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2
Q

come in contact with mucous membranes and non-intact skin (skin that is chapped, abraded, dermatitis); should be sterilized using heat or disposable alternative

A

semi-critical

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3
Q

only contact intact skin (radiograph conehead, blood pressure cuff); clean with EPA registered hospital disinfectant and/or protect with barrier

A

non-critical items

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4
Q

Regulated or biohazard waste

A

can squeeze the blood out

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5
Q

non-regulated waste or household waste

A

regular waste can be thrown out

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6
Q

Direct touching saliva, blood or OPIM

A

Direct contact

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7
Q

touching something that is already contaminated

A

indirect contact

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8
Q

inanimate objects that when contaminated with infectious agents can transfer disease to a new host

A

Fomite

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9
Q

visible particles containing microorganisms generated from infected person, such as coughing, sneezing or talking

A

droplet

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10
Q

particles of respirable size commonly generated by handpicks, ultrasonic scalers, air/water syringe; can remain airborne and viable for extended period of time

A

Aerosol

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11
Q

Disinfection

A

kills MOST microorganisms

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12
Q

Sterilization

A

kills ALL microorganisms, including spores

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13
Q

What are the qualites of an ideal disinfectant

A 
broad spectrum
fast acting
non-toxic
compatible with different types of surfaces
easy to use
substantivity
odorless
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14
Q

High level of disinfectant

A

used in hospitals

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15
Q

Medium level of disinfectant

A

commonly used in dental offices; kills mycobacterium tuberculosis

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16
Q

low level of disinfectant

A

unacceptable in dental offices; kills HIV and hep B

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17
Q

Spore test for steam autoclave

A

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

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18
Q

15-30 min @ 250 degrees (varies if insturments are wrapped or unwrapped)

A

Steam autoclave

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19
Q

Can be used with packaged items
Can process a wide variety of materials
Do not use closed containers
Corrosion of non-stainless steel

A

Steam autoclave

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20
Q

20 minutes at 270 degrees

A

unsaturated chemical vapor

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21
Q

spore test for unsaturated chemical vapor

A

geobacillus stearothermophilus

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22
Q

Do not use closed containers
May damage plastic and rubber items
Cannot sterilize liquids

A

unsaturated chemical vapor

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23
Q

60-120 mins at 320 degrees

A

Dry heat

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24
Q

Do not use paper products in chamber

Appropriate for closed containers

A

Dry heat

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25
Q

spore test for dry heat

A

bacillus atrophaeus

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26
Q

12 min @ 375 degrees

A

Forced air

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27
Q

spore test for forced air (convection)

A

bacillus atrophaeus

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28
Q

Demineralization

A

loss of calcium, phosphate, and carbonate

occurs when pH drops below critical levels

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29
Q

critical levels for ename and cementum

A

enamel 4.5-5.5; cementum 6.0-6.7

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30
Q

Acidogenic

A

acid producing

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31
Q

aciduric

A

acid tolerant

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32
Q

Streptococcus mutans

A

main species involved in caries process
gram +
mainly produces lactic acid
new carious lesion

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33
Q

Lactobacillus species

A

Gram +
incapable of producing the range of pH values required for caries
found in large numbers
old carious lesion

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34
Q

Actinomyces viscosis

A

associated with root/cervical caries

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35
Q

calcium, phosphate and other ions are redeposited into previously demineralized areas

A

remineralization

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36
Q

Fluoride

A

halts the caries process as it has substantivity; it interferes with bacterial metabolism - bactericidal or bacteriostatic

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37
Q

Maxillary and mandibular teeth do not occlude

A

openbite

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38
Q

maxillary teeth are positioned lingual to the mandibular teeth

A

crossbite

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39
Q

vertical overlap of maxillary and mandibular incisors

A

overbite

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40
Q

horizontal overlap of maxillary and mandibular incisors

A

overjet

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41
Q

relationship of the interproximal surfaces of the maxillary central incisors and the inter proximal surfaces of the mandibular central incisors

A

midline deviation

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42
Q

1st sign of gingivitis

A

bleeding on probing

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43
Q

Early bone loss; instrument can enter the depression leading to the furca

A

class I

44
Q

moderate bone loss; instrument can enter the fulcra but cannot pass between roots

A

class II

45
Q

severe bone loss; instrument can pass between roots through entire furca

A

class III

46
Q

severe bone and soft tissue loss; instrument can pass between roots through entire furca

A

class IV

47
Q

extrinsic stain

A

external source

48
Q

brown stain

A

poor oral hygiene; drinking dark colored beverages, coffee, tea, fruit juices, wine

49
Q

dark brown and black stain

A

tobacco products

50
Q

yellow brown stain

A

CHX and stannous fluoride; may not be able to remove

51
Q

black stain

A

often found in healthy mouths; may be seen as thin lines on the cervical third of tooth; possibly caused by consumption of iron and insoluble ferric sulfide; also associated with gram positive bacteria

52
Q

green and yellow stain

A

poor oral hygiene chromogenic bacteria

53
Q

orange stain

A

chromogenic bacteria

54
Q

bluish green stain

A

occupational exposure of metallic dust

55
Q

Alterations to tooth during tooth development; may be from extrinsic source if in area of demineralization

A

intrinsic stain

56
Q

types of intrinsic stain

A

fluorosis

tetracycline

57
Q

usually appears on incisal/occlusal third of tooth; opaque or brownish discoloration depending on severity

A

fluorosis

58
Q

shapes of yellow to brown to orange to gray

A

tetracycline staining

59
Q

automatic (powered) toothbrush

A

arthritic hands, caregivers, manually-dexterity challenges, implant care

60
Q

interdental brush (proxy brush)

A

metal wire or plastic wire; open embrasure spaces, exposed class III or IV furcations, mild arthritis, diastema, orthodontia

61
Q

tufted brushes (end tuft)

A

rotated teeth, hard to access third molars, exposed class III or IV furcations

62
Q

toothpick in holder

A

accessible furcations, shallow pockets, normal sulcus depths, someone who already uses toothpick

63
Q

oral irrigator

A

delivery of liquid antimicrobial agents; gingival inflammation and bleeding, disrupt loosely-adherent plaque, orthodontia. LEAST EFFECTIVE ORAL PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR REMOVING PLAQUE

64
Q

Floss (bridge) threader

A

orthodontia, bridges

65
Q

Floss holder

A

physically challenged, large hands, poor manual dexterity

66
Q

Dental floss

A

aids in minimizing interproximal decay

67
Q

toothbrush

A

cleans teeth, gums and tongue

68
Q

Anti-caries ingredient

A

fluoride

69
Q

tartar control ingredient

A

pyrophosphates

70
Q

antihypersensitivity ingredients

A

potassium nitrate, strontium chloride, or sodium citrate

71
Q

antibacterial ingredient

A

triclosan

72
Q

whitening ingredients

A

carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide

73
Q

Absorbed through the bloodstream of developing bone and teeth; can cause skeletal and dental fluorosis

A

systemic fluoride

74
Q

Rapidly absorbs fluoride

A

stomach and small intestines

75
Q

Compounds added in water fluoridation

A

sodium fluoride
sodium silicofluoride
hydrofluorosilic acid

76
Q

Community drinking water is monitored by

A

EPA

77
Q

Opimum fluoride level

A

0.7 ppm

78
Q

What is the enamel maturation period

A

period of up to two years after eruption of tooth

79
Q

In office fluoride

A

Bactericidal effect (high concentration;low exposure)
1.23% APF
2% NaF
5% NaF

80
Q

Home fluoride gels

A

bacteriostatic effect (low concentration; routine exposure)

  1. 4% stannous; 1,000 ppm
  2. 1% NaF; 5,000 ppm
81
Q

Mechanism of action for chlorhexidine

A

bactericidal

82
Q

gracey 1-2

A

all anterior surfaces

83
Q

gracey 7-8

A

direct facial and lingual of posterior teeth

84
Q

gracey 11-12

A

mesial surface of posterior teeth

85
Q

gracey 13-14

A

distal surface of posterior teeth

86
Q

gracey 15-16

A

mesial surface posterior teeth

87
Q

gracey 17-18

A

distal surface posterior teeth

88
Q

Most effective for rampant decay and recommended for bulimics

A

Sodium fluoride gels (2% NaF)

89
Q

Use for desensitizing exposed roots and caries prevention 0.3-0.5 mL application

A

Sodium fluoride varnish (5% NaF)

90
Q

Possible gingival sloughing and discoloration of tooth colored restoration

A

stannous fluoride

91
Q

Use 2.5mL on adults and 2.0mL for kids

A

Acidulated phosphate fluoride (1.23% APF)

92
Q

What is the certainly lethel dose of fluoride

A

5-10 gram of NaF at one time for adult

93
Q

What is the safely tolerated dose of fluoride

A

1/4 of certainly lethal dose

94
Q

symptoms begin withint 30 minutes of ingestion and may persist for as long as 24 hours

A

acute fluoride toxicity

95
Q

What is the primary purpose of the material safety data sheet

A

Provides detailed information about specific products used in the dental office

96
Q

A simple phenol is inappropriate for use for disinfecting the dental operatory. A complex phenol is appropriate for use for disinfecting the dental operatory. What category is a complex phenol

A

mid-level disinfectant

97
Q

Which of the following is best to sterilize a dental handpiece

A

steam autoclave

98
Q

Using G.V blacks classification for restorations and carious lesions determine the class for a porcelain inlay on the disco-occlusal surface of #14

A

Class 2

99
Q

Sterility of instuments is determined by

A

biological testing monitors

100
Q

dentinal hypersensitivtiy

A

movement of fluid within the dentinal tubules

101
Q

a firm pull stroke with proper lateral pressure isolated to the area of the deposit describes what type of instrumentation stroke

A

scaling stroke

102
Q

Which gracey curet is best for use on the maxillary second molar

A

gracey 17-18

103
Q

Must be changed to achieve long term success with oral home care

A

behavior

104
Q

In what percentage is professional strength, in office sodium fluoride gel

A

2%

105
Q

This sterilization technique is least appropriate for paper products

A

dry heat

Board Review (5 decks)

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