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Board Review > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Tilts and rotates head and neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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2
Q

Lifts and rotates the shoulders

A

Trapezius

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3
Q

Closing or pursing lips

A

Orbicularis oris

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4
Q

Flattens cheek/assists in chewing; assists the muscles of mastication

A

Buccinator

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5
Q

Smiling widely

A

Risorius

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6
Q

Smiling and raising upper lip

A

Zygomaticus

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7
Q

Smiling

A

Levator anguli oris

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8
Q

Frowning

A

Depressor anguli oris

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9
Q

All facial muscles are innervated by

A

Seventh cranial nerve (VII) Facial nerve

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10
Q

Blood supply for facial muscles

A

facial artery

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11
Q

What are the muscles of mastication

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

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12
Q

Can become enlarged in patients who clench or grind

A

Masseter

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13
Q

Elevation of the mandible during jaw closing

A

Masseter and medial pterygoid

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14
Q

Elevation of the mandible and retraction of mandible

A

Temporalis

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15
Q

Slight depression of mandible, lateral deviation of mandible, and protrusion of mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid

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16
Q

All muscles of mastication are innervated by the

A

mandibular division of the fifth cranial or trigeminal nerve

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17
Q

Blood supply for muscles of mastication

A

maxillary artery (branch of the carotid)

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18
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Makes up the floor of the mouth

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19
Q

What does the suprahyoid group do

A

Depression of the mandible

Action: swallowing

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20
Q

What are the parts of the suprahyoid group

A

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Sylohyoid

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21
Q

What are the parts of the infrahyoid group

A

Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid

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22
Q

What does the infrahyoid group do

A

Stabilize hyoid bone

Action: swallowing and speech

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23
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx involved in

A

speaking, swallowing, and middle ear function

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24
Q

Tissue that extends from the junction of the hard and soft palates down to the mandible (distal to last tooth) and stretches upon opening, referred to as raphe

A

Pterygomandibular fold

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25
Q

Lingual frenum

A

Whartons duct or submandibular ducts at base

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26
Q

Duct openings from submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

A

sublingual caruncle

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27
Q

These muscles shape the tongue

A

intrinsic muscles

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28
Q

Innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Twelfth cranial nerve or hypoglossal (XII)

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29
Q

Blood supply for the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

lingual artery

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30
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus

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31
Q

Protrudes the tongue

A

genioglossus

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32
Q

retracts the tongue

A

styloglossus

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33
Q

depresses the tongue

A

hyoglossus

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34
Q

10 to 14, contain taste buds and associated with Von Ebner’s glands

A

Circumvallate papillae

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35
Q

Fewer, contain taste buds, red, muschroom shaped

A

Fungiform papillae

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36
Q

The most numerous of papillae but do not contain taste buds, keratinized tissue give the tongue a velvety texture; associated with geographic and hairy tongue

A

Filliform papillae

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37
Q

Separation of 1/3 posterior and the 2/3 anterior portion of the tongue

A

Sulcus terminalis

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38
Q

Divides the TMJ into two compartments called synovial cavities (where synovial fluid is produced)

A

Articular disk

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39
Q

What are the two basic types of movements of the TMJ

A

Gliding and rotational

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40
Q

Limited ability to open the mouth (hypomobility), due to contraction of the muscles of mastication (lockjaw)

A

Trismus

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41
Q

Dislocation of both joints caused by opening the mouth too wide

A

Subluxation

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42
Q

TMJ problems affect what muscles

A

lateral pterygoid

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43
Q

Disk displacement

A

most common problem with TMJ

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44
Q

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

45
Q

Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

A

Veins

46
Q

This artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart

A

pulmonary

47
Q

Blood supply to the mandible

A

Maxillary artery

48
Q

This artery supplies extracranial tissues, including the oral cavity

A

External carotid

49
Q

Key branches of the external carotid

A

Maxillary artery
Lingual artey
Superior thyroid
Facial artery

50
Q

What does the maxillary artery supply

A

teeth, muscles of mastication, hard/soft palate, and nasal cavity

51
Q

What does the lingual artery supply

A

suprahyoid, tongue, and floor of the mouth

52
Q

What does the facial artery supply

A

muscles of facial expression, nose, soft palate, and pharnyx

53
Q

Endocrine gland that secretes thyroxine hormone which stimulates metabolic rate and protein synthesis

A

Thyroid gland

54
Q

Endocrine gland that secretes parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels

A

Parathyroid gland

55
Q

Endocrine gland that develops t-cell lymphocytes

A

Thymus gland

56
Q

Protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain which helps control: growth, blood pressure, certain functions of sex organs, thyroid glands and metabolism as well as some aspects of pregnancy, water/salt concentration at the kidneys, temperature regulartion and pain relief

A

Pituitary gland

57
Q

Largest of the salivary glands

A

Parotid

58
Q

2nd largest of the saivary glands

A

Submandibular

59
Q

Smallest of the salivary glands

A

Sublingual

60
Q

How much salivia does the parotid salivary gland produce

A

25%

61
Q

How much salivia does the submandibular salivary gland produce

A

60-65% of total volume

62
Q

How much salivia does the sublingual salivary gland produce

A

10% of total volume

63
Q

This nerves passes through parotid salivary gland, DOES NOT innervate

A

Facial nerve

64
Q

Stensen’s duct is associated with this major salivary gland

A

parotid

65
Q

Secretion of parotid salivary gland

A

serous

66
Q

Secretion of submandibular salivary gland

A

both serous and mucous

67
Q

Whartons duct is associated with what major salivary gland

A

Submandibular gland

68
Q

Most common gland to be involved in salivary stone formation

A

Submandibular

69
Q

What secretion does the sublingual salivary gland produce

A

both serous and mucous but mainly mucous

70
Q

Bartholins duct is associated with which major salivary gland

A

Sublingual

71
Q

Salivia also exits along the sublingual fold directly from 8-20 excretory ducts known as

A

Rivinus ducts

72
Q

Von Ebner’s glanda

A

Considered minor salivary glands and are found in a trough circling the circumvallete papillae and secrete purely serous fluid

73
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory nerve that carries information from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord

74
Q

Efferent

A

Motor nerve that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery of the body

75
Q

What foramen is associated with the opthalmic nerve

A

Superior orbital fissure

76
Q

What foramen is associated with the maxillary nerve

A

foramen rotundum

77
Q

what foramen is associated with the mandibular foramen

A

foramen ovale

78
Q

What is cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory

79
Q

What is cranial nerve II

A

optic

80
Q

what is cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor

81
Q

what is cranial nerve IV

A

trochlear

82
Q

what is cranial nerve V

A

trigeminal

83
Q

what is cranial nerve VI

A

Abducens

84
Q

what is cranial nerve VII

A

facial

85
Q

what is cranial nerve VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

86
Q

what is cranial nerve IX

A

glossopharyngeal

87
Q

what is cranial nerve X

A

vagus

88
Q

what is cranial nerve XI

A

accessory

89
Q

what is cranial nerve XII

A

hypoglossal

90
Q

The change of lymph nodes in size and consistency, what are healthy nodes suppose to be like

A

Lymphadenopathy; small, soft, and mobile

91
Q

Submental lymph nodes

A

Collect lymph from the central lower lip, the floor of the mouth, mandibular incisors/associated tissues and apex of the tongue. Associated with infections #24/#25

92
Q

Submandibular lymph nodes

A

Collects lymph from the cheeks, upper lip, lateral parts of the lower lip, body of the tongue, maxillary ant/premolar/1st and 2nd molars, mandibular canines, premolars and molars, and the ant tongue

93
Q

Deep cervical nodes

A

Superior deep cervical collect lymph from the hard/soft palate, maxillary 3rd molars

94
Q

What is the only frenulum without muscle fibers

A

maxillary

95
Q

What is the 1st stage of cell division/replication

A

Prophase

96
Q

When does the palate form

A

between the 4th and 6th week of embyonic development

97
Q

Describe the fusion of the development of the palate

A

Anterior to posterior

98
Q

What is the last portion of the palate to form

A

soft palate and uvula

99
Q

All tooth formation is from

A

ectomesenchyme

100
Q

enamel organ will produce

A

enamel

101
Q

dental papilla will produce

A

dentin and pulp

102
Q

dental sac will produce

A

PDL, cementum, bone

103
Q

Known as reparative dentin, forms in reaction to simuli

A

tertiary dentin

104
Q

Hertwigs epithelial root sheath (HERS)

A

initiates the formation of dentin in the root of a tooth

105
Q

Rest of malassez

A

residual pieces of HERS that do not completely disappear

106
Q

What muscle shifts the mandible to the side of the face

A

lateral pterygoid

107
Q

The maxillary teeth, buccal gingiva and pulp of molars are innervated by which cranial nerve

A

V

108
Q

True and false statement
The submandibular gland which lies superior to the digastric muscles, and divided into superficial and deep lobes, are separated by the mylohyoid muscle. It produces serous type secretion ony from the stensens duct

A

The first stamen is true, the second false

109
Q

Major branches of the maxillary artery include all but which?

a. infrorbital
b. inferior alveolar
c. superior thyroid
d. greater palatine
e. posterior superior alveolar

A

C. Superior thyroid

Board Review (5 decks)

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