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BDS2 Microbiology - Applied Medical Sciences (Oral Biology) > Oral Microbiome and Biofilms (3) > Flashcards

Oral Microbiome and Biofilms (3) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the group of streptococci which is most involved in dental caries?

A

Groups Mutans

S. mutans

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2
Q

What group of streptococci favours keratinised surfaces?

A

Group Sallvarius

S. sallvarius

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3
Q

What group of streptococci favours dental plaque?

Also, name the species

A

Oralis

species … S. gordonii

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4
Q

What group of streptococci is an early coloniser and produces glucans?

A

S. oralis

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5
Q

What group of streptococci colonises teeth?

A

S. sanguis

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6
Q

What group of streptococci favours non-keratinised surfaces?

A

S. mitis

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7
Q

Describe the Streptococci group Oralis

A

Early colonisers of pellicle. Some produce IgA proteases.

usually commensal

All may act as opportunistic bacteria

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8
Q

What group of streptococci are important in purulent infections?

A

Anginosis

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9
Q

Where do S. anginosus cause abscesses?

A

dental and distant site abscesses

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10
Q

What is a purulent infection?

A

abscess

usually caused by S. anginosus

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11
Q

What are haemolytic bacteria?

A

Some bacteria produce hemolysins that damage the membrane of red blood cells.

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12
Q

What diseases do S. pyogenes cause?

A

causes infections such as strep throat and impetigo.

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13
Q

Is the symbiosis in the oral cavity symbiotic or dysbiotic?

A

it is dynamic
can shift from symbiosis to dysbiosis

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14
Q

What factors can influence the symbiosis in the oral microbiome?

A
  1. disease e.g. diabetes
  2. genetic differences
  3. activity of salivary proteins
  4. salivary flow rates
  5. innate/ adaptive immune factors
  6. oral hygiene
  7. diet
  8. smoking
  9. antibiotics/antimicrobial agents
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15
Q

How would you describe the shift from health to disease?

A

complex and multi-factorial

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16
Q

What do Streptococci eat?

A

glucose
fructose
sucrose
lactose
galactose
mannose

etc

17
Q

What is Streptococci favourite thing to eat in the oral cavity?

A

sucrose is a favourite carbohydrate source

18
Q

How do bacteria create energy?

A

metabolise carbohydrates

19
Q

What is the pellicle made up of?

A

mucins
acid proline-rich proteins (PRPs)
amylase

albumin
immunoglobulins
glucans
glucosyltransferases (GTFs)

20
Q

What is a main feature/constituent of the pellicle?

A

salivary glycoproteins

21
Q

How much of the acquired pellicle is salivary glycoproteins?

A

90%

22
Q

Describe the structure of the salivary glycoproteins

A

contain acidic sugars (-ve) e.g. sialic acid

highly cysteine rich

23
Q

What charge do acidic sugars have?

A

negative

24
Q

What is the role of proline-rich proteins?

A

protective

25
Q

What is the relationship between patients with a high level of PRPs and dental caries?

A

higher PRPs means a lower level of dental caries

26
Q

What is the role of alpha-amylase?

A

digestion

27
Q

What are the bonds in alpha-amylase?

A

alpha 1-4 glyosidic bonds

28
Q

What bacteria use alpha-amylase in the dental pellicle to adhere to surfaces?

A

receptor for S. gordonii and S. sanguinis

29
Q

What is the first stage in biofilm formation?

A

adhesion

30
Q

What do you call the adhesion between different bacteria?

A

heterotypic cell-cell adhestion

31
Q

What do you call the adhesion between the same bacteria?

A

homotypic bacteria

32
Q

What do you call the first cell adhering to the pellicle?

A

cell-substratum adhesion

pioneer species

33
Q

What is an example of an early collanisers

A

S. oralis

34
Q

What are the stages of development in the plaque biofilm?

A
  1. Start Clean enamel surface
  2. 2 s Pellicle formation
  3. 1 m Pioneer bacteria e.g. Strep. sanguis
  4. 2 h Microcolonies & extracellular polysaccharide
  5. > 2 h Biofilm
  6. 48 h Mature plaque
  7. 2-7 d Microbial succession and diversification
  8. > 7 d Climax community.
35
Q

What is the extracellular polysaccharide?

A

extracellular matrix in a biofilm

36
Q

After how long does mature plaque form after brushing?

A

48 hrs

37
Q

After how long does a biofilm form after brushing?

A

2 hours

38
Q

What is a holobiont?

A

the host organism and all its symbiotic microbial residents

39
Q

What is a biofilm?

A

“Community of microbes characterised by cells that are attached to a surface
or to each other and embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric
substances.”

BDS2 Microbiology - Applied Medical Sciences (Oral Biology) (19 decks)

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