Introduction to Fungi and fungal diseases (C)

Question 1

What are methods to diagnose oral candidosis?

Answer 1

1. direct smear - microscope slide
2. swab - grow culture
3. oral rise
4. imprint culture
5. biopsy

Question 2

What are the fungal cells on this slide (from a direct smear)?

Answer 2

stain with periodic acid shiff

deep pink colour

note, small pink cells are bacteria

Question 3

How to test if you are looking at candida albicans?

Answer 3

test in serum
37 d.c.
candida yeast cells, filament (germinate) form germ tubes

Question 4

What are the 4 main classes of anti-fungals?

Answer 4

Triazoles
Polyenes - membrane lytic
Echinocandins
Flucytosines

Question 5

What do the triazoles target?

Answer 5

sterols

Question 6

What do the echinocandins target?

Answer 6

target wall

Question 7

What do the polyenes target?

Answer 7

membrane

Question 8

What do the flucytosine target?

Answer 8

target DNA synthesis

Question 9

What is one of the most common azole?

Answer 9

fluconazole

Question 10

How would you apply a polyene anti-fungal?

Answer 10

topically

Question 11

How would you apply an azole anti-fungal?

Answer 11

topically
orally

Question 12

How would you apply an echinocardin anti-fungal?

Answer 12

only by IV

Question 13

What is an example of a polyene anti-fungal?

Answer 13

amphotericin B
nyastin