Introduction to Fungi and fungal diseases (B) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are fungi a major cause of?

A

non-fatal diseases

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2
Q

What are examples of non-fatal diseases caused by fungi?

A
  1. athletes foot (Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton spp.)
  2. thrush (C. albicans)
  3. Pityriasis versicolor (Malassezia spp) - dandruff
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3
Q

When do fungi cause life threatening diseases?

A

acting as opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised

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4
Q

When do Candida spp. cause fatal diseases in patients?

A

infect deep organs of patients with various types of immune dysfunction e.g. abdominal surgery, burns etc (often ICU)

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5
Q

When do Aspergillus spp. cause fatal disease in patients?

A

infect deep organs of patients undergoing e.g. chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation

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6
Q

What is aspergillus infection?

A

infection of the lungs

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7
Q

What can cause immunosuppression?

A
  1. iatrogenic - steroids, anti-cancer therapy, solid-organs transplantation
  2. Disease processes - AIDS, leukaemia, endocrinopathies

or combo of both

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8
Q

Where are candida spp. commensal to>

A

GI tract

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9
Q

When does candida spp. cause systemic infection?

A

get into bloodstream

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10
Q

What is the disease caused by candida spp. called?

A

candidiasis

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11
Q

What structures can yeast firm?

A

budding yeast type growth to a filamentous- type growth

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12
Q

What is the benefit of hyphae to the yeast?

A

the are good at invading the host

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13
Q

What is an oral infection of candida spp called?

A

oral candidosis/Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC)

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14
Q

Why are the rates of of oral candidosis increasing?

A

more people are having immunocompromising treatments and surgeries

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15
Q

What is acute oral candidiasis associated with?

A

severe immunological impairment

e.g. HIV
can be used as a predictor of clinical progression of AIDs

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16
Q

What are local pre-disposing factors for oral candidosis?

A

antibiotics
dentures
local corticosteroids
radiotherapy

17
Q

What are general pre-disposing factors for oral candosis?

A

smoking
nutrient deficiency e.g. iron
drugs
endocrine e.g. diabetes
immunodeficiency
nutrient deficiency e.g. iron
smoking

18
Q

How will OPC present itself clinically?

A

white plaques that resemble milk curd form on the buccal mucosa and less commonly on the tongue, gums, the palate or the pharynx.

19
Q

What are the symptoms of OPC?

A

may be absent or include burning or dryness of the mouth, loss of taste, and pain on swallowing

20
Q

What class of oral candidosis is shown here?

A

Pseudomembranous

21
Q

What class of oral candidosis is shown here?

A

Hyperplastic

22
Q

What class of oral candidosis is shown here?

A

Erythematous

23
Q

What class of oral candidosis is shown here?

A

Angular cheilitis

24
Q

What yeast infection is shown here?

A

oral candida albicans

25
Q

What yeast infection is shown here?

A

HIV-associated Candida infection

26
Q

When would erythematous infection occur?

A

dentures not being cleaned
poor oral hygiene

these fungi can also form biofilms

27
Q

In what form are candida resistant to drugs?

A

when they form biofilms

28
Q

When would chronic mucocutaneous candida infection form?

A

can arise in individuals with an unusual combination of endocrine and immune dysfunction

29
Q
A