Introduction to Fungi and fungal diseases (B) Flashcards
What are fungi a major cause of?
non-fatal diseases
What are examples of non-fatal diseases caused by fungi?
- athletes foot (Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton spp.)
- thrush (C. albicans)
- Pityriasis versicolor (Malassezia spp) - dandruff
When do fungi cause life threatening diseases?
acting as opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised
When do Candida spp. cause fatal diseases in patients?
infect deep organs of patients with various types of immune dysfunction e.g. abdominal surgery, burns etc (often ICU)
When do Aspergillus spp. cause fatal disease in patients?
infect deep organs of patients undergoing e.g. chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation
What is aspergillus infection?
infection of the lungs
What can cause immunosuppression?
- iatrogenic - steroids, anti-cancer therapy, solid-organs transplantation
- Disease processes - AIDS, leukaemia, endocrinopathies
or combo of both
Where are candida spp. commensal to>
GI tract
When does candida spp. cause systemic infection?
get into bloodstream
What is the disease caused by candida spp. called?
candidiasis
What structures can yeast firm?
budding yeast type growth to a filamentous- type growth
What is the benefit of hyphae to the yeast?
the are good at invading the host
What is an oral infection of candida spp called?
oral candidosis/Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC)
Why are the rates of of oral candidosis increasing?
more people are having immunocompromising treatments and surgeries
What is acute oral candidiasis associated with?
severe immunological impairment
e.g. HIV
can be used as a predictor of clinical progression of AIDs