oral infections

Question 1

Host defense in oral mucosal surfaces

Answer 1

Non-specific defenses, physico-barriers, immunological barriers.

Question 2

Non-specific defenses

Answer 2

saliva flow, mucin/agglutinins, lysozyme-protease-anion system, lactoferrin, salivary lactoperoxidase, histidine-rich polypeptides

Question 3

Physico-chemical barriers

Answer 3

Intraepithelial barrier, basement membrane barrier

Question 4

Immunological barriers

Answer 4

secreted IgA, langerhans cells, IEL, serum IgG.

Question 5

Tooth host defense

Answer 5

Saliva, IgG, IgA, complement, PMN, gingival cervicular fluid

Question 6

gingival cervical fluid

Answer 6

Helps diagnosis periodontal disease. Made of blood electrolytes, albumin, globulin’s, fibronectins, enzymes, bacteria, lipoprotiens.

Question 7

Saliva tooth host defense

Answer 7

Saliva flow rate, mucin, agglutinins, lysozyme-protease, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase system.

Question 8

Oral immunity mediators

Answer 8

secreted IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, IL-1, Il-6, TNF-a

Question 9

Oral innate immune componenets

Answer 9

Anatomic, physiologic, phagocytic, inflammatory barriers.

Question 10

Epithelial cell oral barriers

Answer 10

Express toll like receptor (TLR) that recognize PAMP’s. TLR-2=gram +, TLR-4=gram- bacteria. TLR cause cell to produce peptide antibiotics, cytokines, NO.

Question 11

Antimicrobial properties of saliva

Answer 11

swallowing, pH (6.9), temperature (35-36), lactoferrin, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase system, salivary peroxidase system.

Question 12

lysozyme

Answer 12

Breaks down bacterial structure

Question 13

myeloperoxidase system

Answer 13

Bactericidal, H2O2 PMN migrate to gingival crevice from inflammation

Question 14

salivary peroxidase system

Answer 14

Bactericidal generating thiocyanate and H2O2

Question 15

Saliva antimicrobial properties

Answer 15

Antimicrobial peptides (histatins, alpha and beta defensins), complement, leukocytes, secretory IgA.

Question 16

Histatins

Answer 16

Broad spectrum anti-fungal/antibacterial

Question 17

Defensins

Answer 17

Broad spectrum antibacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral

Question 18

Oxygen independent phagocytic killing

Answer 18

Lysozyme, defensins, lactoferrin, proteolytic and hydrolytic enzymes

Question 19

Oxygen dependent methods

Answer 19

Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, myeloperoxidase, hypochlorite hypohalite, nitric oxide.

Question 20

What is periodontitis

Answer 20

Inflammation based infection of the supporting structure of the teeth.

Question 21

What does gingival cervical fluid protect?

Answer 21

Gingival crevice and 1/3 of tooth crown containing IgG, IgM, and IgA.

Question 22

What is the significance of IgA?

Answer 22

Two forms: serum is a monomer and secretions are dimers. Lines oral mucus surface and protects from infections by interfering with adhesion molecules.

Question 23

What proportion of IgA subclass is in the saliva?

Answer 23

Equal portion of IgA1 and IgA2

Question 24

IgA1

Answer 24

Against protein antigen

Question 25

IgA2

Answer 25

Against polysaccharides.

Question 26

Is MALT present in the oral cavity?

Answer 26

No, it is present in the GUT.

Question 27

Are their M cells in Oral cavity?

Answer 27

NO.

Question 28

Oral lymphoid foci

Answer 28

The site of oral immune response in oral cavity…replaces MALT

Question 29

Major intra-epithelial lymphocytes

Answer 29

CD8+ T helper cellls.

Question 30

What bacteria causes caries?

Answer 30

lactobacilli, S. mutans