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Immunity > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are PAMP’s

A

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Have conserved structures that are recognized by innate.

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2
Q

What is unique to the innate immunity?

A

Similar to all individuals in all species. Can not be enhanced by repeated exposure. Nonspecific mechanisms that are immediately mobilized.

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3
Q

What is unique to adaptive/acquire immunity?

A

Varies from individual to individual based on exposure history. More specific than innate.

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4
Q

What are some PAMP’s recognized by innate?

A

dsRNA, lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid.

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5
Q

When did innate immune evolutionary develop?

A

Before evolution of vertebrates.

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6
Q

Innate antimicrobial proteins?

A

Lysozymes, lactoferrin transferrin, lactoperoxidase, B-lysin, chemotactic factors, properdin, cationic peptides, PMN (leukocytes).

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7
Q

First line of defense?

A

Skin, mucous membranes, chemicals

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8
Q

Second line of defense?

A

Phagocytosis, complement, interferon, inflammation, fever.

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9
Q

Third line of defense?

A

lymphocytes, antibodies

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10
Q

What is an epitope?

A

The portion of the antigen that is recognized by the antibody or lymphocyte.

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11
Q

What cell from hematopogenesis is from both myeloid and lymphoid lineage?

A

Dendritic cells.

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12
Q

Macrophage function?

A

Scavenging tissue debris from apoptotic cells, tissue repair and maintenance, production of anti-inflammatory responses.

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13
Q

When do monocytes become macrophages?

A

When they leave the blood stream and enter the tissue.

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14
Q

When do dendritic cells mature?

A

After phagocytosis of foreign objects to present to T cells.

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15
Q

What do follicular or folicle dendritic cells interact with?

A

B cells.

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16
Q

What are lengerhans cells?

A

Dendritic cells found in keratinized epidermis where remain for months. Have long arms.

17
Q

What dendritic cells allow you to survive viral infection?

A

Plasmacytoid DC circulating in blood.

18
Q

What do M cell do in the small intestines?

A

The transport lumen sample in SI to lymphoid tissue to allow dendritic cells to sample.

19
Q

Where are T cells located in lymph nodes?

A

the paracortex

20
Q

Where are B cells located in lymph nodes?

A

the cortex.

21
Q

Three main antimicrobial proteins

A

Cathelicidin, alpha-defensins, beta-defensins.

22
Q

What do paneth cells do in the small intestines?

A

Produce to alpha-defensins in response to bacterial components. Found in intestinal crypts.

23
Q

How do defensins kill microbes?

A

Are positive charge and are amphipathic. Attach to negative charge bacterial cell wall via acidic phospholipids and generate pores.

24
Q

What is the function of collectins and ficolins?

A

Found on mucous surface or in blood. Globular head binds sugar residues to increase phagocytosis or activate complement.

25
Q

What are the roles of complement system?

A

Cause bacterial lysis, chemotaxis, and opsonization and increase inflammation.

26
Q

The lectin complement pathway?

A

Activated by Mannose binding ligans and ficolins

27
Q

The classical complement pathway?

A

Activated by IgG, IgM, and pentraxins.

28
Q

The alternative complement pathway?

A

Activated by microbial membrane.

29
Q

What type of cells are CD4+ cells?

A

The helper T cells

30
Q

What type of cell are CD8+ cells?

A

Cytotoxic T cells.

31
Q

Characteristics of immature dendritic cells?

A

Efficient phagocytosis, low MHC1 and no MHC2. Receptors for chemokines.

32
Q

Characteristics of mature dendritic cells?

A

Down regulated innate receptors and decreased phagocytosis. High levels of MHC1 and MHC2. CCR7 is increased.

33
Q

What is spontaneous maturation?

A

Dendritic cell that matures without infection. Does not present B7 to T cell so can’t activate T cell.

Immunity (8 decks)

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