Oral Healthcare Issues in Clinical Practice Flashcards
The root of a tooth connects to alveolar bone via the _________
periodontal ligament.
how many and what teeth should be present by age 3
8 incisors + 4 canines + 8 molars = 20
In the adult dentition there are 32 teeth: 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, and 12 molars. Permanent teeth begin to erupt around age ___ years and are all in by age ___
6,
21
a possible end result of neglected childhood carie is _____
facial cellulitis
Early Childhood Caries (ECC)
Infectious and transmissible
Destroys tooth structure
Affects children under ____
5
Oral bacteria produce acids that persist for ____ after sugar ingestion. In terms of tooth decay, How often sugar is ingested is more important than how much sugar is eaten at once
20-40 minutes
what are the First clinical signs of caries
white spots on teeth
what are neglected areas of the mouth in terms of examination
Lateral tongue, under the tongue, floor of mouth, inside of lips
what is the etiology of periodontal disease
Chronic plaque at gum line
Bacterial infection
Host inflammatory response
what are the Three types of periodontal disease
Gingivitis
Chronic periodontitis
Aggressive periodontitis
describe the clinical presentation of gingivitis
Mild gum swelling, tenderness, erythema
Gums bleed during brushing
Can occur acutely with foreign body
Reversible
what are 4 cause of gingivitis
Plaque
Pregnancy
Disease
Trauma
Chronic periodontitis is more ______ than gingivitis
Infection and inflammation induce loss of bone and tooth attachment. Rare in children, present in _____of adults. Can start in teen years.
severe,
50%
_________ is a major risk for chronic periodontitis
Smoking
how do you prevent chronic periodontitis
good oral hygiene
brushing and flossing
avoid tobacco
Good evidence for oral/systemic link with which 3 diseases
Infective endocarditis (8% of cases)
Prosthetic device infection
Diabetes
Poor glycemic control is associated with a ______ increased risk of having periodontitis in diabetics
threefold
what is the link between obesity and oral health
Fat tissue releases TNFα and IL6 which potentiate inflammation, including periodontal disease
Inflammatory cytokines implicated in _______ are also produced by periodontitis
atherogenesis
periodontal diseases in pregnant women significantly increases the risk of subsequent ________
preterm birth or low birth weight.
Treatment of periodontal disease in pregnancy is _____
safe
True or false
Treatment of periodontal disease in pregnancy does not alter rates of preterm birth or low birth weight
TRUE
_______ care can reduce the level of ventilator associated pneumonia in hospitalized patients
Oral
Many commonly-prescribed medications produce _________, which can promote periodontal disease, including steroids, antihistamines, diuretics, antihypertensives and anticholinergics
xerostomia (dry mouth)
