Oral Healthcare Issues in Clinical Practice

Question 1

The root of a tooth connects to alveolar bone via the _________

Answer 1

periodontal ligament.

Question 2

how many and what teeth should be present by age 3

Answer 2

8 incisors + 4 canines + 8 molars = 20

Question 3

In the adult dentition there are 32 teeth: 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, and 12 molars. Permanent teeth begin to erupt around age ___ years and are all in by age ___

Answer 3

6,

21

Question 4

a possible end result of neglected childhood carie is _____

Answer 4

facial cellulitis

Question 5

Early Childhood Caries (ECC)
Infectious and transmissible
Destroys tooth structure
Affects children under ____

Answer 5

5

Question 6

Oral bacteria produce acids that persist for ____ after sugar ingestion. In terms of tooth decay, How often sugar is ingested is more important than how much sugar is eaten at once

Answer 6

20-40 minutes

Question 7

what are the First clinical signs of caries

Answer 7

white spots on teeth

Question 8

what are neglected areas of the mouth in terms of examination

Answer 8

Lateral tongue, under the tongue, floor of mouth, inside of lips

Question 9

what is the etiology of periodontal disease

Answer 9

Chronic plaque at gum line
Bacterial infection
Host inflammatory response

Question 10

what are the Three types of periodontal disease

Answer 10

Gingivitis
Chronic periodontitis
Aggressive periodontitis

Question 11

describe the clinical presentation of gingivitis

Answer 11

Mild gum swelling, tenderness, erythema
Gums bleed during brushing
Can occur acutely with foreign body
Reversible

Question 12

what are 4 cause of gingivitis

Answer 12

Plaque
Pregnancy
Disease
Trauma

Question 13

Chronic periodontitis is more ______ than gingivitis
Infection and inflammation induce loss of bone and tooth attachment. Rare in children, present in _____of adults. Can start in teen years.

Answer 13

severe,

50%

Question 14

_________ is a major risk for chronic periodontitis

Answer 14

Smoking

Question 15

how do you prevent chronic periodontitis

Answer 15

good oral hygiene
brushing and flossing
avoid tobacco

Question 16

Good evidence for oral/systemic link with which 3 diseases

Answer 16

Infective endocarditis (8% of cases)
Prosthetic device infection
Diabetes

Question 17

Poor glycemic control is associated with a ______ increased risk of having periodontitis in diabetics

Answer 17

threefold

Question 18

what is the link between obesity and oral health

Answer 18

Fat tissue releases TNFα and IL6 which potentiate inflammation, including periodontal disease

Question 19

Inflammatory cytokines implicated in _______ are also produced by periodontitis

Answer 19

atherogenesis

Question 20

periodontal diseases in pregnant women significantly increases the risk of subsequent ________

Answer 20

preterm birth or low birth weight.

Question 21

Treatment of periodontal disease in pregnancy is _____

Answer 21

safe

Question 22

True or false

Treatment of periodontal disease in pregnancy does not alter rates of preterm birth or low birth weight

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

_______ care can reduce the level of ventilator associated pneumonia in hospitalized patients

Answer 23

Oral

Question 24

Many commonly-prescribed medications produce _________, which can promote periodontal disease, including steroids, antihistamines, diuretics, antihypertensives and anticholinergics

Answer 24

xerostomia (dry mouth)

Question 25

bisphosphonates can cause what oral health problem

Answer 25

Osteonecrosis (loss of blood supply to the bone)

Question 26

nifedipine in Type II diabetics and immunosuppressives can cause what oral health problem

Answer 26

Periodontal disease