Exocrine Pancreas and Salivary Gland Physiology

Question 1

List the 6 main constituents of saliva and their function.

Answer 1

1) Water: Facilitates taste and dissolution of nutrients; aids in swallowing and speech
2) Bicarbonate: Neutralizes refluxed gastric acid
3) mucins: lubrication
4) amylase: starch digestion
5) Lysozyme, lactoferrin, IgA: Innate and acquired immune protection
6) Epidermal and nerve growth factors: Assumed to contribute to mucosal growth and protection

Question 2

______ cells make the saliva and __________ cells modify its ionic content

Answer 2

Acinar,

striated duct

Question 3

describe the parasympathetic regulation of saliva secretion

Answer 3

Increased acinar cell secretion and vasodilation of blood vessels surrounding the acini (results in protein rich & fluid/ion rich solution)

Question 4

describe the sympathetic regulation of saliva secretion

Answer 4

Increased acinar cell secretion (results in high protein/low fluid solution

Question 5

salvitaory glands contain _______ cells , whereas pancreatic glands do not.

Answer 5

myoepithelial

Question 6

Saliva content and secretion rate is dependent on _______

Answer 6

blood flow

Question 7

what is the purpose OF DUCTAL CELLS

Answer 7

NaCl Reabsorption
K+ secretion
Bicarbonate secretion

Question 8

how does flow rate of saliva affect the ionic composition.

Answer 8

With a slower rate, ductal cells are better able to modify the contents,( i.e Na+ reabsoprtion and K+/Bicarb secretion)

Question 9

Water Movement in salivary duct cells are Restricted by _______

Answer 9

tight junctions

Question 10

State three types of stimuli that increase pancreatic secretion

Answer 10

Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secretin –
Cholecystokinin (CCK) –

Question 11

describe how ACh increase pancreatic secretion.

Answer 11

Released from the vagus and ENS nerves; stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from acinar cells (mostly cephalic stage)

Question 12

Describe how Secretin increases pancreatic secretion

Answer 12

Released from endocrine cells in the proximal small intestines in response to acid; stimulates the release of a bicarbonate rich solution from pancreatic duct cells

Question 13

Describe how Cholecystokinin regulates pancreatic secretion

Answer 13

Released from endocrine cells in the proximal small intestines in response to fats & proteins; stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from acinar cells but has other effects in the duodenum

Question 14

In pancreatic secretion ______cells make the enzymes and ______cells secrete a water/bicarbonate rich solution

Answer 14

Acinar,

duct

Question 15

what are the effects of CCK on the gallbaldder

Answer 15

contraction

Question 16

what are the effects of CCK on the Pancreas

Answer 16

Acinar secretion

Question 17

what are the effects of CCK on the stomach

Answer 17

Reduces emptying

Question 18

What are the effects of CCK on the Sphincter of Oddi

Answer 18

Relaxation

Question 19

________ & ___________stimulate CCK release from i cells in the duodenum

Answer 19

CCK releasing peptide,

monitor peptide

Question 20

Saliva is rich in ______ whereas pancreatic juice is rich in _________

Answer 20

KHCO3,

NaHCO3

Question 21

what are the 8 salivary gland disease

Answer 21

Mumps 
Cytomegaloviral Sialadenitis
Bacterial Sialadenitis
Sarcoidosis
Sjögren’s Syndrome
Salivary Lymphoepithelial Lesion
Xerostomia or dry mouth
Halitosis

Question 22

Loose chondromyxoid stroma, connective tissue is een on histology in _______

Answer 22

Pleomorphic Adenoma

Question 23

Describe the lymphoid and oncocytic epithelial elements that must be present to diagnose Warthin’s

Answer 23

Lymphoid Component:
An abundance of this is present
Occasional germinal centers will be seen
Epithelial Component
Consists of papillary fronds which demonstrate
2 layers of oncocytic epithelial cells.
Cytoplasm stains deep pink and shows granularity
b/c of an abundance of mitochondria

Question 24

where can Somatostatinomas occur

Answer 24

anywhere in the pancreas or doudenum