Diseases of small bowel

Question 1

when a patient has nocturnal diarrhea what should that make you think.

Answer 1

That his diarrhea is probably not caused by something he is ingesting

Question 2

describe the definition of diarrhea Objectively.

Answer 2

stool weight >200g or volume >200ml in 24 hours

Question 3

what is diarrhea become chronic?

Answer 3

symptoms for >4 weeks

Question 4

Vitamin A deficiency can cause

Answer 4

• Night Blindness

* Xerophthalmia (abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, with inflammation and ridge formation)

Question 5

Vitamin D deficiency can cause

Answer 5

• Osteomalacia (softening of the bones)

Bone mineralization defects

Question 6

Vitamin E deficiency can cause

Answer 6

Hemolytic anemia

Question 7

how do you determine Osmotic vs Secretory Diarrhea

Answer 7

Measure stool sodium + potassium
The normal stool osmolality is 290 mOsm
Osm gap =290‐2(stool sodium + potassium)
If the difference is > 50 mOsm, then the diarrhea is osmotic; if <50, the diarrhea is “secretory”

Question 8

most tumors of the appendix are _____ tumors

Answer 8

Carcinoid

Question 9

what is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Answer 9

Abdominal Pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of an organic cause

Question 10

what are 3 signs of IBS

Answer 10

• Pain improved with defecation
• Pain onset with change in stool frequency
• Pain onset with change in stool appearance

Question 11

list the tumors of the appendix

Answer 11

Carcinoid
BenignTumors 
    -Mucinous Cystadenoma,  Villousadenoma
Malignant Tumors 
    -Adenocarcinoma, Lymphoma
SecondaryTumors
  -Metastases