Oral Facial Flashcards
Medication that increases susceptibility to candida infections
dexamethasone
define oral keratosis
a proliferation of the skin, heaping of epidermis.
what is Hyperkeratinisation?
excessive growth of stubbornly attached keratin
T/F can people have cavities and not know it?
true if decay is in enamel
Main bacteria to cause dental caries
Streptococcus mutans
Sx of dental caries/acute pulpitis
Hot/cold sensitivity. Continuous throbbing pain
tx of acute pulpitis
abx, NSAIDs, possibly root canal
Why are DM and chemotherapy patients at high risk for dental caries/acute puplitis?
diminished saliva allowing bacteria to proliferate
Sx of gingivitis/periodontitis
Usually painless. Increased bleeding with brushing. Soft tissue separation (“pocket” formation)
Sx of periodontal abscess
Edema, erythema, pyorrhea, pain
Sx of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis aka Vincent’s angina aka Trench mouth
Halitosis. Ulcerations of the interdental papillae
Abx treatment options for acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis aka Vincent’s angina aka Trench mouth
Penicillin (PO) + metronidazole or Clindamycin (alone)
What disease is acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis aka Vincent’s angina aka Trench mouth associated with?
HIV
What is the name of the oral disease that begins as infected lower molar and is a rapidly spreading cellulitis of sublingual/submandibular spaces?
Ludwig’s angina
Sx of Ludwig’s angina
FEVER, Drooling/trismus, edema in neck
Abx treatment of Ludwig’s angina
IV PCN or ampicillin/sulbactam plus metronidazole (Flagyl)
Tx of herpetic lesions caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2
Acyclovir (Zovirax) 400mg 5x/d or Valacyclovir (Valtrex) 1000tid
VIrus that causes herpangina
Picornovirus (not Herpes) called coxsackie virus
Sx of herpangina
PAINFUL, fever, malaise, sore throat. Vesicles are present on the soft palate
Sx of oral candidiasis
white plaques on tongue/oral mucosa; “burning” tongue; “raw” throat
Tx of oral candidiasis
Topical antifungals: clotrimazole (Mycelex) troches or nystatin. Oral fluconazole (Diflucan) ~ used w/ recurrent candidiasis
Most common oral ulceration
Aphthous stomatitis
condition characterized by rapid loss and regrowth of filiform papillae causes denuded red patches to “wander” across the surface of the tongue
Geographic tongue
Tx of oral leukoplakia
high dose acyclovir (Zovirax)
When should you biopsy an ulcerative oral lesion?
if it fails to heal within 2 weeks
Pharmacologic causes of xerostomia (dry mouth)
diuretics, anticholinergics (antihistamines, TCAs)
Tx of xerostomia
Saliva substitutes. Salivary stimulation with sugarless hard candies. Pylocarpine (Sialgen) stimulates saliva production
Medications that cause gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin, ca channel blockers, cyclosporin
Etiology of mucositis
chemo and radiation
Sx of mucositis
Edema and painful chewing/swallowing of food
Effect of pernicious anemia (Vitamin B12 deficiency) in mouth
Glossitis: Smooth, beefy-red and sore (tender) tongue
What is common result of vitamin C deficiencies?
Teeth loosening and ulcerations
Sign of mononucleosis in mouth
Palatal (hard palate) petechiae
Pathognomonic of HIV infection in mouth
oral Kaposi’s sarcoma
Inflammation and/or fissuring of the lips
Cheilosis (cheilitis)
Disease characterized by unilateral pain (dull, aching, worsening throughout the day) in region of jaw, joint “popping” or crepitus, acute otalgia
TMJ dysfunction
