Disorders of Nose and Sinus Flashcards
inability to detect odors
anosmia
decreased ability to detect odors
hyposmia
distorted identification of smell
dysosmia
Altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor, usually unpleasant
parosmia
Perception of smell without an odor present
phantosmia
Inability to classify or contrast odors, although able to detect odors
agnosia
neurosensory hearing loss and anosmia indicates….
head trauma
inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by infection, allergies, or environmental irritants
rhinitis
clinical presentation of infectious rhinitis (common cold)
pharyngitis, nasal congestion/drainage, sneezing, facial/ear pressure, loss of smell/taste
most common virus responsible for URI
rhinovirus in adults (80%)
virus that can attack heart muscle
coxsackie virus
virus that causes polio
enterovirus
What medication should you never give children and adolescents with viral infections?
Aspirin
What patient popns should not use decongestants?
narrow-angle glaucoma, poorly controlled HTN, CAD
Symptoms of unintentional overdose of cough/cold medicines in kids
hives, drowsiness, unsteady walking
inflammatory or infectious processes in the paranasal sinuses
sinusitis
classification of sinusitis
acute < 4wks, subacute 4-12 wks, chronic >12 wks, recurrent 4+ per yer
three factors crucial for normal functioning of the sinuses
Patency of the osteomeatal unit, Normal mucociliary transport, and Normal quantity and quality of secretions
bacteria associated with acute sinusitis and otitis media
s. pneumo, h. flu, m. cat
What percent of h.flu and m. cat produce beta-lactamase and are resistant to PCN?
35% of h. flu and 75% of m. cat
bacterial organisms associated with chronic sinusitis
staph aureus and anaerobes
Sx of sinusitis
facial pain/tenderness, purulent discharge, tooth pain, fever, bad breath, eye swelling
symptoms on PE include: diffuse mucosal edema, narrowing of the middle meatus, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and copious or purulent discharge…polyps, septal deviation
sinusitis
length of therapy for chronic sinusitis
3-4 wks and referral to ENT
complication of bacterial sinusitis characterized by severe eye swelling and redness
orbital cellulitis
complication of chronic sinusitis characterized by HA, proptosis, diplopia that occurs most often in frontal sinus
mucocele formation
Symptoms include clear rhinorrhea, sneezing, tearing, eye irritation and pruritis
allergic rhinitis
What are PE findings of allergic rhinitis?
pale turbinates and nasal polyps
In what patient popn is nasal airway obstruction life threatening?
infants. obligate nose breathers
How do you distingish nasal polyps?
they are devoid of sensory innervation, they can be distinguished by lack of pain on manipulation
Imaging study of choice for nasal polyposis
coronal sinus CT
First line treatment for polyps
topical steroids
Condition characterized by infections of sinus, sleep apnea, snoring, change in smell, difficulty breathing
septal deviation
Conditions characterized by whistling when breathing, bloody discharge, nasal pressure and discomfort
septal perforation
T/F septal perforation requires surgery
false, usually heal without surgery
