ENT Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What do you use to determine if nasal drainage is CSF or not?

A

halo sign- blood will stay in middle and CSF will go around it in a halo

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2
Q

Cause of septal hematoma

A

trauma to the anterior nasal septum

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3
Q

Complications from undrained septal hematoma

A

Saddle-nose deformity, Septal perforation, Septal abscess

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4
Q

Tx for septal hematoma

A

Drain and pack. Antibiotics (Augmentin) if abscess suspected IV Clindamycin and admission

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5
Q

Most common facial fracture

A

nasal fracture

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6
Q

Management of nasal fracture

A

closed reduction 2-10 days post injury to allow for reduction of swelling

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7
Q

Tx for auricular hematoma

A

Drain within 7 days, compression dressing, daily follow up for a few days, antibiotics to cover staph

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8
Q

Complicaiont from undrained auricular hematoma

A

cauliflower ear

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9
Q

Sx include hemotympanum, effusion, otorrhea, hearing deficit, nystagmus, ataxis, battle sign, facial nerve deficit

A

middle ear injury

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10
Q

Bone that is most commonly involved in basilar skull factures

A

temporal (75%)

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11
Q

Indicative of basilar skull fracture and middle ear injury

A

hemotympanum

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12
Q

Drops that are CI in ruptured TM

A

gentamycin

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13
Q

Test used to evaluate for bite in mandibular fractures

A

tongue blade test

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14
Q

Unilateral rhinitis, foul odor, epistaxis, pain

A

nasal foreign body

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15
Q

initial management of epistaxis

A

blow nose, spray with afrin, lean forward and pinch nares together for 10 minutes

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16
Q

What is next step if packing and silver nitrate sticks are unsuccessful at stopping epistaxis?

A

leave packing in place 48 hrs, follow up in 24-48 hrs.

17
Q

T/F most patients who need posterior packing are treated outpatient

A

false, most are admitted. call ENT

18
Q

Complication of frontal sinusitis or trauma characterized by osteomyelitis of frontal bone most commonly seen in kids and teens.

A

pott’s puffy tumor

19
Q

Hallmark of 7th nerve palsy (Bell’s Palsy)

A

sudden onset

20
Q

Prognosis of 7th nerve palsy (Bell’s Palsy)

A

80% recover to normal or near normal function

21
Q

What should stitch with ear laceration and what should you not stitch?

A

Can do a single layer closure through skin and perichondrium but not the cartilage

22
Q

bacteria involved with chondritis cellulitis

A

s. aureus and pseudomonas

23
Q

bacteria involved with facial cellulitis

A

staph and strep

24
Q

where can a retropharyngeal abscess spread to?

A

mediastinum

25
Q

CXR finding with retropharyngeal abscess

A

expansion of the prevertebral soft tissues

26
Q

Gold standard for retropharyngeal abscess diagnosis

A

CT scan

27
Q

Tx of retropharyngeal abscess

A

IV hydration, IV abx (clindamycin or Unasyn), ENT consult, I & D

28
Q

Etiology of ludwig’s angina

A

odontogenic 90% of cases (staph, strep and bacteroides)

29
Q

PE shows bilateral submandibular swelling and protruding tongues

A

Ludwig’s angina

30
Q

What should you avoid if there is a laryngeal crush injury?

A

cricothyroidotomy