ENT Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Where do most oral cancers originate?

A

tongue and in the floor of the mouth in the squamous cells

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2
Q

What virus is linked to oral cancer?

A

HPV

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3
Q

Most common oral-precancerous patches inside mouth

A

leukoplakia

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4
Q

Prognosis of oral cancer

A

5 yr survival for localized disease is 78%

5 yr survival for metastatic disease is 19%

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5
Q

Percent of neck masses that are malignant

A

80% in adults are malignant

20% in children are malignant

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6
Q

When might you want to take out cervical lymph nodes with carcinoma of the lip?

A

if you have a poorly differentiated, locally recurrent and size > 2 cm or they are palpable

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7
Q

Sx of buccal mucosa carcinoma

A

Painless lesion in early stages and then maybe “ear pain”. Slow growing mass on buccal mucosa

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8
Q

Operation involving resection of half the mandible w/floor of mouth and block dissection of the neck to remove lymphatics/SCM/IJ

A

commando operation for extensive cheek cancer

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9
Q

Way is oral cancer particularly dangerous?

A

high risk of producing second, primary tumors. patients who survive a first encounter with the disease, have up to a 20 times higher risk of developing a second cancer

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10
Q

Sx of anterior carcinoma of tongue

A

Hyperkeratosis, pain w/speech and swallowing difficulties, 40% w/nodes on presentation

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11
Q

Differences of posterior carcinomas of the tongue

A

Higher grade, spreads rapidly, worse prognosis

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12
Q

Sx of posterior carcinomas of the tongue

A

bad breath, weight loss, cervical lymph node with pain on swallowing

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13
Q

Sx include soar, larger tonsil on one side, blood in saliva, mouth pain, persistent soar throat, bad breath, pain with swallowing, ear pain

A

tonsil cancer

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14
Q

Majority of salivary gland neoplasms

A

Parotid: 80% overall; 80% benign

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15
Q

Characterization of pain associated with malignant salivary neoplasms?

A

painless mass in approximately 75% of patients, palpable mass arising in a salivary gland, associated with pain, and/or nerve paralysis, constant pain

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16
Q

Sx include Slowly growing, painless, solitary, firm, smooth, moveable without nerve involvement involving both mesenchymal/epithelial elements

A

pleomorphic adenoma (benign salivary tumor)

17
Q

Most common of all salivary gland neoplasms

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

18
Q

What is Warthin’s tumor?

A

benign, bilateral parotid gland tumor in superficial location

19
Q

Most common salivary gland malignancy

A

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

20
Q

Where is an adenoid cystic carcincoma likely located?

A

submandibular, sublingual and minor salivary glands

21
Q

What does Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma have a tendency for?

A

perineural invasion: facial nerve sacrifice during excisional tx

22
Q

Most common sinus to have a malignant neoplasm

A

maxillary

23
Q

Classic triad of nasal carcinoma

A

facial asymmetry, tumor bulge in oral cavity, nasal mass

24
Q

adenocarcinomas are the 2nd most common malignant rumor in maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. what is their etiology?

A

Strong association with occupational exposures

25
Q

Most common paranasal sinus malignancy in children

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

26
Q

Most common subtype of laryngeal cancer

A

glottic cancer 59%

27
Q

How many patients with laryngeal cancer have a history of tobacco and ETOH abuse?

A

90%

28
Q

Pathognomonic of laryngeal cancers

A

keratin pearls

29
Q

Most common symptoms of laryngeal cancers

A

hoarseness

30
Q

When is a patient considered cured of laryngeal cancer?

A

after being disease free for five years

31
Q

Epidemiology of pharyngeal cancers

A

Chinese native > Chinese immigrant > North American native

32
Q

Environmental factors implicated in pharyngeal cancers

A

EBV and salted fish (nitrosamines)

33
Q

60 yo male smoker presents with a unilateral, asymmetric nodular 1.5 cm neck mass in the anterior triangle. His local PCP gave him a 2 week trial of antibiotics without effect. What should be done first?

A

physical exam followed by FNA of the node