Oral Diseses And Bpe Flashcards
What is bone score 0 mean ?
No pocketing no calculus all overhangs and no bleeding on probing
What does BPe score one mean
No pockets above 3.5 mm coloured bands remained totally visible no calculus or overhangs of fillings bleeding occurring after probing
What does BPe code 2 mean ?
No pockets above 3.5 mm coloured band remains totally visible supra and subgingival calculus and overhangs present
What does the Bpe code 3 mean
Pocket depth of 4 to 5 mm the coloured band is partly visible and calculus present and bleeding on probing
What does BPE code 4 mean
Pocket depths greater than 6 mm coloured band is not visible at all
What does BPE code star mean
Notice the presence of furcation along with bleeding on probing super and subgingival calculus
What are the main types of oral diseases
Dental Caries and chronic periodontal disease
What are waste products of oral bacteria
Acids
What does bacteria affect
Mineralised tissue strong crystal structures in the enamel and Dentine is demineralised by acid
What are the factors to develop in cavities
Carbohydrates bacteria week organic acids adverse time to attack
What produces acid
Use correct terminology
Streptococcus mutans
Lactobaccilli
Streptococcus sag is
How would you describe bacterial plaque or plaque biofilm
A sticky see-through substance and it attaches to keep bacteria on the teeth
Where does plaque sit
Stagnant areas
What does fire film turn acids into
Sugar
What to bacteria is make Caries
Streptococcus mutants and lactobacilli
What food is classed as protein
Meat fish dairy
What food is classed as fts
Vegetable oils and meet fat
What are classed as carbs
Natural sugars fibre from fruit fruit and vegetables plus processed artificial sugars
From food category what is the only one which will cause Caries
Artificial sugars
What does cariogenic foods mean
Foods that cause Caries
What does Intrinstic sugars mean
No added sugar to an item it was already there naturally
What does extrinsic sugars mean
Added sugar when the food was made such as lactose and honey are known as three sugars
What are free sugars
They are added at form by refined sugar added to tea three sugars are released in smoothies and sometimes added in manufacturing such as hidden sugar
What is dextrous
Sucrose glucose and it is the most damaging it instantly turns to acid and medications may have this in naturally
What is harmless to teeth
Milk extrinsic sugars such as lactose and intrinsic sugars such as raw fruit
Where can we find added sugars
Fruit smoothies dried fruit honey fruit juice and canned fruit
Explain acid formation
In 1 to 2 minutes it’s turned into acid acid lasts about 20 Minutes to 2 hours then demineralisation occurs at PH 5.5 or above then the pH in Slava buffers to slow this down and to make it stopThen the pH will return to 7 then natural healing and remilitarisation then we eat and it starts all over again
What are the sites of Caries
Fisher sealants
medial and distal areas
stagnant areas and contact points
What does a white spot lesion mean
It is an early sign of the carious lesion
What does a brown spot on a contact point of a tooth mean
This is remineralise area
Will a patient have a pain if Careys are in the enamel
No as there is no nerve tissue here
What is more likely to happen if Caries goes into the Dentine
Tooth fractures and holes
Where are odontoblast sells located
In the abdominal junction
When made to patient feel sensitivity
When the dental tubulars Are not sealed
Explain irreversible pulpits
Carries spread to the pulp and the pulp is constantly exposed
Increased blood flow through the apical for a man to the pulp
There is no swelling as it is confined inside the tooth chamber pressure builds up giving the patient pain pressure compresses blood supply and causes hope death when the nerve dies Ta will stop this then leads to an alveoli abscess very painful
Explain albeola abscess
After irreversible pulp piss the pulp dies and the blood supply is cut off by inflamed pressure, the infective material passes through the apical foraman into a Aleovar bone at apex causing another inflammatory reaction in the tissue surrounding the apex puss forms and an acute Alveolar abscess occurs
What are the six signs of acute inflammation
Pain, heat, swelling, high body temperature, loss of function, redness.
What is the flow if cavities are left untreated
Reversible pulpis Irreversible pulpitis Pulp death Acute Alveolar abscess Chronic abscess
What in saliva
Water - Transporting
Ptyalin - digestive enzyme acts on carbohydrates
Inorganic idiot minerals - calcium irons and phosphate
Antibodies – defence immune system known as immunoglobulins
Leucocytes- known as white blood cells are part of the bodies defence system
Ultrasonic scaler what is it used for
Supragingival calculus
Hygienist hand scaler what is it used for
Supragingival
Jaquette scaler what is it used for
Supragingival calculus
Push scaler our route planner what is it used for
Subgingival calculus
Curette scaler what is the use for
Subgingival calculus
Periodontal hoe scaler what is it used for
Subgingival calculus
Disposable irrigation syringe what is it used for
Pocket irrigation
What does ANUG mean
Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
What are the symptoms of anug
Pain, bad breath, loss of gingival papillae, Common among smokers and people with who are oral health, makes the gingiva bright red or yellow and grey layer where the gum has been destroyed, Inflammation present, loss of attachment known as nip necrotising ulcerative pertiodontis
Information about acute lateral periodontal abscess
Sometimes post forms in a deep poppet, sometimes confused with acute Alveolar abscess, the lateral region of the route, antibiotics into the pocket usually metronidazole, subgingival scale and sometimes helps, if nothing helps Xla
Where can oral cancer affect
The soft tissues, slavery glands, jawbones
Squamous cell carcinoma what is it
Oral cancer affecting the soft tissues usually 90% of oral cancer is this
What are signs and symptoms of oral cancer
Painless ulcer that has no cause that has not healed in 2 to 3 weeks , Also underneath the tongue are on the floor of the mouth, white or red patch of oral mucus membrane
What is the five year survival rate percentage for squamous cell carcinoma
55% aggressive surgery treatment to remove the cancer by maxillofacial surgery is often includes removal of the jar facial bones and a soft tissues
What is a melanoma known as
Skin cancer
What does oppression mean and where can it be found
Seen in smokers with staining, has a shiny surface, Aggressive toothpaste, around the neck of the teeth, we can sometimes see deep in the chamber, using excessive side to side motion when brushing, may result in needing root canal treatment
What is attrition how does that happen and where
It is the loss of Enamel on abating surface, can be from natural wear, or due to clenching or grinding, or due to a crown or a bridge crashing on natural teeth, if grinding use medications are mouthwash to stop or reduce or A mouthguard
What is abfraction
The loss of the cervical surface, it usually happens on the premolars, usually on the bucle lingual and Platal surfaces, treatment is a denture to replace lost teeth
What is periodontal disease
Affects the supporting structures of the gingivae , Periodontal ligament, the alveolar bone
What is juvenile periodontis
It is the periodontal disease is very uncommon would usually found in young children
What is chronic gingivitis known as
Chronic inflammation which will eventually lead to periodontal disease
What Will happen when someone has chronic periodontitis
The periodontal ligament and the structures. Of the teeth and supporting tissues are lost
What does untreated chronic gingivitis develop into
Chronic periodontitis
What are the causes of periodontal disease
Bacterial infection of the supporting structures, debris or plaque biofilm left on the teeth, overhangs, loose contact points, stagnant food trap areas, Hooghly made partial dentures, scale, microorganisms been able to multiply
What can you tell me about some gingiva calculus
It’s harder and a darker colour
Explained the healthy periodontal tissue
Pink stippled gingiva, 3 mm crevice, intact periodontal ligament, Intact alveolar bone
Explain what chronic gingivitis would look like
Plaque deposits becoming calcified, a false pocket, swollen gingiva, intact periodontal ligament, intact alveolar bone
What are factors of chronic periodontis
Smoking ,mascitory stress,puberty, pregnancy, open lip posture
What are medical conditions linked to chronic periodontitis
Diabetes aids, leukaemia, vitamin c deficiency, immunosuppressant drugs, blood disorders, epilepsy
What are ill health factors into chronic periodontitis
Poorley aligned teeth,Small oral FPERTURE, in complete lip seal and pure density known as latrogenic
Describe what chronic periodontitis would look like
A true pocket, loss of gingival attachment, destruction of a periodontal ligament, plaque and supragingival calculus, destruction of that Alveolar bone
What can we do to periodontal pockets if they are reversible
They can be surgically repositioned by re-contouring the gingival margin
What does CPITN stand for
Community periodontal index of treatment needs also known as basic periodontal examination BPE
Other than a BP probe what can detect pocket depth
Radiographs
Name how to control supragingival plaque
Remove it at home, use disclosing tablets, explain all health advice to patient,Scaling, keep plaque under control, interdental brushes, use a stickle scaler or a crushing push scaler or a Jacket scaler are ultrasonic Scala, abrasive prophylactic paste remove stains and helps to stop calculus forming
Sub lingual plaque control or subgingival removal tell me some information
Once cleaned the junctional epithelium and reattach and Perio pockets are removed, Alveolar bone loss is permanent but we can use synthetic born replacement, periodontal ligament may reattach and pockets may heal, may need local anaesthetic when scaling
What is the cute herpetic gingivitis
Signs of inflammation, caused by herpes simplex virus, I will mucous membrane result in tiny blisters and ulcers, contagious best to do dental treatment after the quotes I was gone, this is known as a cold sore, usually re-occurs commonly affects infants and resolve on its own
Subacute Periocoronitis information
Infection of the gingival flap and affects the teeth tissue, usually affects the lower third molars, trauma and infection equals information, traumatised when the mouth is closing, cleared with mouthwash disinfectant chlorhexidine, use hot salt water rinses, oxygen release and mouthwash removed bacteria, antibiotics if patient has a raised temperature, aneoerobic Bacteria involved usually metronidazole can complete extraction of the opposite to break the cycle
What does ptyalism mean
Means more saliva produced, usually patients with periodontal disease, patients suffering with Parkinson’s disease, patients who are pregnant
What is prevention of cavities how can it be done
Modification of the diet fewer cariogenic free sugar foods, Control bacterial plaque have good oral hygiene technique, increased tooth resistance to acid attack by involving fluoride to crystal structures
Name some non-carious to surface losses
Erosion this happens due to acidic foods dissolve in the enamel, abrasion which is pushing too hard on the teeth, attrition which is the loss of a normal on the boat and service, abfrication loss of the cervical surface of the tooth e.g. the neck
What medical conditions can cause erosion on the teeth
Ballemia, some chemotherapy for cancer, stomach ulcers, acid reflux,hiatus hernia
Why would a patient have reduced slavery flow
Normally things changes saliva glands reduces the ability to produce, autoimmune disorders, lost mood intake and dehydration, medications , sjogrens syndrome affect of glands dry mouth known as xerstomia
What are the consequences of reduced slippery flow
Mark debris collecting, increased plaque biofilm, causes halitosis not as bad breath, more chance of cavities and periodontal disease, reduces buffering which means more frequent acid attacks, affects the sensation and test, makes the retention of dentures difficult, Who are lubrication of soft tissues meaning harder to speak and swallow
What do antibodies and leukocytes do
Protect from infection, protect the oral cavity, defends the oral cavity, protect from the tiny microorganisms
What makes Slava
Water, antibodies,leukocytes , inorganic irion and minerals
What does the war to do in a person Slava
It is a carrying Agent, self-cleaning,moistens soft tissue and food, Allows for to go deglutition Known as swallowing, dissolved food particles so taste is produced, allow speech, dislodges food
What are minerals and inoganic irons used in Slaiva for
Neutralise organic acids by bacteria, buffer , Helps control the pH level, produces thick saliva, if this is law you will have lots of protection against cavities and watery sliver, if you produce more of this it can lead to more calculus and periodontal disease
